Different schools of grammar present different classifications for the parts of speech. Show Traditional grammarians, for example, base designations on a word's meaning or signification.
Structural grammarians see parts of speech as often identifiable through their position in sentences.
Using valuable ideas from both groups, we may divide parts of speech into two major groups:
Content words are words that have meaning. They are words we would look up in a dictionary, such as "lamp," "computer," "drove." New content words are constantly added to the English language; old content words constantly leave the language as they become obsolete. Therefore, we refer to content words as an "open" class. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are content parts of speech. Function words are words that exist to explain or create grammatical or structural relationships into which the content words may fit. Words like "of," "the," "to," they have little meaning on their own. They are much fewer in number and generally do not change as English adds and omits content words. Therefore, we refer to function words as a "closed" class. Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, determiners, qualifiers/intensifiers, and interrogatives are some function parts of speech. Note the differences between content and function parts of speech:
 Generally, we can use one or more of five signals to help us determine a word's part of speech designation:
The Eight Parts of SpeechTIP Sheet There are eight parts of speech in the English language: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, and interjection. The part of speech indicates how the word functions in meaning as well as grammatically within the sentence. An individual word can function as more than one part of speech when used in different circumstances. Understanding parts of speech is essential for determining the correct definition of a word when using the dictionary. 1. NOUN
man... Butte College... house... happiness A noun is a word for a person, place, thing, or idea. Nouns are often used with an article (the, a, an), but not always. Proper nouns always start with a capital letter; common nouns do not. Nouns can be singular or plural, concrete or abstract. Nouns show possession by adding 's. Nouns can function in different roles within a sentence; for example, a noun can be a subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, or object of a preposition. The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Nouns" for further information. 2. PRONOUN
She... we... they... it A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun. A pronoun is usually substituted for a specific noun, which is called its antecedent. In the sentence above, the antecedent for the pronoun she is the girl. Pronouns are further defined by type: personal pronouns refer to specific persons or things; possessive pronouns indicate ownership; reflexive pronouns are used to emphasize another noun or pronoun; relative pronouns introduce a subordinate clause; and demonstrative pronouns identify, point to, or refer to nouns. The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Pronouns" for further information. 3. VERB
jump... is... write... become The verb in a sentence expresses action or being. There is a main verb and sometimes one or more helping verbs. ("She can sing." Sing is the main verb; can is the helping verb.) A verb must agree with its subject in number (both are singular or both are plural). Verbs also take different forms to express tense. The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Verbs" for more information. 4. ADJECTIVE
pretty... old... blue... smart An adjective is a word used to modify or describe a noun or a pronoun. It usually answers the question of which one, what kind, or how many. (Articles [a, an, the] are usually classified as adjectives.) The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Adjectives" for more information. 5. ADVERB
gently... extremely... carefully... well An adverb describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb, but never a noun. It usually answers the questions of when, where, how, why, under what conditions, or to what degree. Adverbs often end in -ly. The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Adverbs" for more information. 6. PREPOSITION
by... with.... about... until (by the tree, with our friends, about the book, until tomorrow) A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to form a phrase modifying another word in the sentence. Therefore a preposition is always part of a prepositional phrase. The prepositional phrase almost always functions as an adjective or as an adverb. The following list includes the most common prepositions: The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Prepositions" for more information. 7. CONJUNCTION
and... but... or... while... because A conjunction joins words, phrases, or clauses, and indicates the relationship between the elements joined. Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements: and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet. Subordinating conjunctions connect clauses that are not equal: because, although, while, since, etc. There are other types of conjunctions as well. The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Conjunctions" for more information. 8. INTERJECTION
Oh!... Wow!... Oops! An interjection is a word used to express emotion. It is often followed by an exclamation point. The young girl brought me a very long letter from the teacher, and then she quickly disappeared. Oh my! See the TIP Sheet on "Interjections" for more information. What part of speech shows the relationship between different words?A preposition shows the relationship that exists between a noun or pronoun and some other word in the sentence. The preposition and the noun or pronoun become the prepositional phrase.
Is a word that joins two words or two groups of words together?Conjunctions are words that join together other words or groups of words. A coordinating conjunction connects words, phrases, and clauses of equal importance. The main coordinating conjunctions are and, or, and but.
What type of conjunction is used in a sentence?Coordinating conjunctions allow you to join words, phrases, and clauses of equal grammatical rank in a sentence. The most common coordinating conjunctions are for, and, nor, but, or, yet, and so; you can remember them by using the mnemonic device FANBOYS. I'd like pizza or a salad for lunch.
What are the 4 types of conjunctions?There are four categories of conjunctions:. Coordinating conjunctions (or, and, but). Correlative conjunctions (and/or, not only/but also). Subordinating conjunctions (since, because, when). Conjunctive adverbs (however, therefore). |
What word class is used in expressing relationship between two words in a sentence?
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