Thoughts and feelings have a tremendous influence on our daily lives and are what help us make sense of our surroundings and connect us with the world. Recognizing the differences between thoughts and feelings helps us process them, and it can sometimes take a bit of time and effort to understand what’s a feeling, and what’s a thought. Additionally, we need to remember that we have both thoughts and feelings. While it might be tempting to ignore our thoughts or push away feelings because they can be difficult to deal with, we risk making decisions that lead to unhealthy or undesirable results, and these choices can lead to more painful thoughts and/or feelings. Show
For example, if a person we love does something to make us angry, we may not want to feel that anger because that’s painful, and not in line with the love we have for the person. We may feel conflicted about being angry and, instead, choose to ignore the feelings rather than cope with them. Pushing down these feelings may cause even more negative feelings, leaving us feeling worse. Now we’re carrying around a ball of anger about the person from the original experience, combined with more negative feelings from trying to avoid the original feelings. We end up interacting with the world with these feelings just below the surface and risk that they may come out toward the wrong person at the wrong time. Ultimately, if we try to shove our thoughts or feelings down and ignore them, we will wind up dealing with them in some other way—like feeling anger or contempt or in a way that blocks self-awareness and understanding. Learning to understand their differences and how they work together allows us to see what happens when we put them into action. Scroll To Top Empathy Defined
The term “empathy” is used to describe a wide range of experiences. Emotion researchers generally define empathy as the ability to sense other people’s emotions, coupled with the ability to imagine what someone else might be thinking or feeling. Contemporary researchers often differentiate between two types of empathy: “Affective empathy” refers to the sensations and feelings we get in response to others’ emotions; this can include mirroring what that person is feeling, or just feeling stressed when we detect another’s fear or anxiety. “Cognitive empathy,” sometimes called “perspective taking,” refers to our ability to identify and understand other people’s emotions. Studies suggest that people with autism spectrum disorders have a hard time empathizing. Empathy seems to have deep roots in our brains and bodies, and in our evolutionary history. Elementary forms of empathy have been observed in our primate relatives, in dogs, and even in rats. Empathy has been associated with two different pathways in the brain, and scientists have speculated that some aspects of empathy can be traced to mirror neurons, cells in the brain that fire when we observe someone else perform an action in much the same way that they would fire if we performed that action ourselves. Research has also uncovered evidence of a genetic basis to empathy, though studies suggest that people can enhance (or restrict) their natural empathic abilities. Having empathy doesn’t necessarily mean we’ll want to help someone in need, though it’s often a vital first step toward compassionate action. For more: Read Frans de Waal’s essay on “The Evolution of Empathy” and Daniel Goleman’s overview of different forms of empathy, drawing on the work of Paul Ekman. What are the Limitations?Featured ArticlesEmpathy is a building block of morality—for people to follow the Golden Rule, it helps if they can put themselves in someone else’s shoes. It is also a key ingredient of successful relationships because it helps us understand the perspectives, needs, and intentions of others. Here are some of the ways that research has testified to the far-reaching importance of empathy. For more: Learn about why we should teach empathy to preschoolers. Featured ArticlesHumans experience affective empathy from infancy, physically sensing their caregivers’ emotions and often mirroring those emotions. Cognitive empathy emerges later in development, around three to four years of age, roughly when children start to develop an elementary
“theory of mind”—that is, the understanding that other people experience the world differently than they do. From these early forms of empathy, research suggests we can develop more complex forms that go a long way toward improving our relationships and the world around us. Here are some specific, science-based activities for cultivating empathy from our site
Greater Good in Action: And here are some of the keys that researchers have identified for nurturing
empathy in ourselves and others: For more: The Ashoka Foundation’s Start Empathy initiative tracks educators’ best practices for teaching empathy. The initiative gave awards to 14 programs judged to do the best job at
educating for empathy. The nonprofit Playworks also offers eight strategies for developing empathy in children. According to research, we’re more likely to help a single sufferer than a large group of faceless victims, and we empathize more with in-group members than out-group members. Does this reflect a defect in empathy itself?
Some critics believe so, while others argue that the
real problem is how we suppress our own empathy. Empathy, after all, can be painful. An
“empathy trap” occurs when we’re so focused on feeling what others are feeling that we neglect our own emotions and needs—and other people can take advantage of this. Doctors and caregivers are at particular risk of feeling emotionally overwhelmed by empathy. In other cases, empathy seems to be
detrimental. Empathizing with out-groups can make us more reluctant to engage with them, if we imagine that they’ll be critical of us. Sociopaths could use cognitive empathy to help them exploit or even torture people. Even if we are well-intentioned, we tend to overestimate our empathic skills. We may think we know the whole story about other people when we’re actually making biased judgments—which can lead to misunderstandings and exacerbate prejudice. Featured ArticlesWhat is the term for the ability to influence another person?Leadership has been described as the ability to influence others. An effective leader moves followers into action not with coercion but by eliciting their desire and conviction in the vision and goals articulated by the leader.
What is an elusive power that is based on interpersonal attraction?Referent Power.
Referent power has also been called charismatic power, because allegiance is based on interpersonal attraction of one individual for another.
Which of the following defines principled dissent?Graham (1986, p. 2) introduced the construct of principled dissent, defining it as any effort individuals make to protest and/or change the organizational status quo because of their conscientious objection to currently policy or practice.
Is power that is based on an agent's ability to cause the target to have an unpleasant experience?The power based on an agent's ability to cause the target to have an unpleasant experience is called coercive power.
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