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Summary

• In the right context, negative emotions like anger, grief, sadness or jealousy are perfectly normal.
• Long lasting bouts of negative emotions can stop you enjoying life.
• Coping strategies can help to curb persistent negative feelings.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

Related information

• The following services provide specialised healthcare for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Victoria.

• The Alexander technique stresses that movement should be economical and needs only the minimum amount of energy and effort.

• Well-managed anger can be a useful emotion that motivates you to make positive changes.

• There are many people you can talk to who can help you overcome feelings of wanting to lash out.

• Anxiety disorders are common mental health problems that affect many people.

From other websites

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Interpreting Plutchik’s Wheel of Emotions

Primary: The eight sectors are designed to indicate that there are eight primary emotions: anger, anticipation, joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness and disgust.

Opposites: Each primary emotion has a polar opposite. These are based on the physiological reaction each emotion creates in animals (including humans… Plutchik studied animals!):

• Joy is the opposite of sadness. Physiology: Connect vs withdraw
• Fear is the opposite of anger. Physiology: Get small and hide vs get big and loud
• Anticipation is the opposite of surprise. Physiology: Examine closely vs jump back
• Disgust is the opposite of trust. Physiology: Reject vs embrace

Combinations: The emotions with no color represent an emotion that is a mix of the 2 primary emotions. For example, anticipation and joy combine to be optimism. Joy and trust combine to be love. Emotions are often complex, and being able to recognize when a feeling is actually a combination of two or more distinct feelings is a helpful skill. 

There are also tertiary feelings, not shown on the feelings wheel, that are a combination of 3 (and maybe some feelings have 4 or more parts? Let us know what you think in the comments below),

Intensity:  The cone’s vertical dimension represents intensity – emotions intensify as they move from the outside to the center of the wheel, which is also indicated by the color: The darker the shade, the more intense the emotion. For example, anger at its least level of intensity is annoyance. At its highest level of intensity, anger becomes rage. Or, a feeling of boredom can intensify to loathing if left unchecked, which is dark purple.

This is an important rule about emotions to be aware of in relationships: If left unchecked, emotions can intensify. Herein lies the wisdom of enhancing your emotional vocabulary: it’s the bedrock of effectively navigating emotions.

Plutchik’s wheel of emotions helps us look at literacy through a broader lens. Literacy means “a person’s knowledge of a particular subject or field.” So enhancing emotional literacy means not only having words for emotions, but understanding how different emotions are related to one another and how the tend to change over time.

You can read Robert Plutchik’s explanation of his model of emotions in an article that was originally published in American Scientist in 2001 and can be read on Springer International Publishing AG.

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