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Page contents: Equipment required | Procedure | Practice points | More information Intramuscular injections (IM) in neonates may be required to administer medications or vaccines. The anterolateral thigh is the preferred site for IM injection in infants under 12 months of age. Medications are injected into the bulkiest part of the vastus lateralis thigh muscle, which is the junction of the upper and middle thirds of this muscle. Nursing and medical staff must be familiar with the principles of the administration of medications to an infant. These principles include:
Equipment requiredEquipment: required for IM injection includes:
Recommended needle size, length and angle for administering vaccines
* If using a narrow 25 gauge needle for an IM vaccination, ensure vaccine is injected slowly over a count of 5 seconds to avoid injection pain and muscle trauma. Needle length The use of short needles for administering IM vaccines may lead to inadvertent SC injection and increase the risk of significant local adverse events, particularly with aluminium-adjuvanted vaccines (eg hepatitis B, DTPa, DTPa-combination or dT vaccines). Refer to the Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th edition 2013 ProcedureFollow this procedure when administering IM injections to newborns:
Figure 1. Anatomical markers used to identify the vastus lateralis injection site (X) on the anterolateral thigh. Source: Australian Immunisation Handbook 10th Edition 2013, used by permission of the Australian Government.
Practice pointsIssue to note regarding administration of IM injections:
When two IM injections are being administered, give one medication into the right thigh and the other into the left thigh. There is currently insufficient evidence to support simultaneous injections by two providers demonstrating a difference in pain response. More informationReferences
What is the preferred site for intramuscular injections in infants and children?The anterolateral aspect of the thigh, or vastus lateralis muscle, is the preferred IM site for neonates and infants. Up to 1ml can be injected into this site in neonates, up to 3mls in children and up to 5mls in adults. This is the preferred site for anaphylaxis management in all ages.
What is the best site for administering an intramuscular injection to a pediatric patient?For the majority of infants, the anterolateral aspect of the thigh is the recommended site for injection because it provides comparatively larger muscle mass than the deltoid (Figure 2) (23).
Which is the preferred IM site for injecting a 6 month old child?The anterolateral thigh is the preferred site for IM injection in infants under 12 months of age. Medications are injected into the bulkiest part of the vastus lateralis thigh muscle, which is the junction of the upper and middle thirds of this muscle.
Which site is preferred for administering an intramuscular injection?The gluteus medius and minimus muscle is the safest intramuscular injection site for adults and children because it provides the greatest thickness of gluteal muscles, is free from penetrating nerves and blood vessels, and has a thin layer of fat.
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