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Medical providers can prescribe an epinephrine auto-injector for a child at risk of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). Epinephrine is a life-saving drug that treats the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction by stopping the airway from swelling. There are several different epinephrine auto-injectors available – Mylan EpiPen and Mylan Generic, Auvi-Q, and Adrenaclick; these auto-injectors have different steps for use. While auto-injectors are designed to be easy to use, parents and caregivers who may need to use one on a child should be trained by a medical provider at least once a year. When using an auto-injector, remember to follow the instructions printed on the package. Here is a summary of the steps to use three different epinephrine auto-injectors in an emergency:Instructions for EpiPen:
Instructions for Auvi-Q
Instructions for the Adrenaclick
Additional Information:
The information contained on this Web site should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your pediatrician. There may be variations in treatment that your pediatrician may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances. Which of the following is an action caused by epinephrine in anaphylaxis? Which of the following is not a side effect of epinephrine? When documenting the administration of an epinephrine auto-injector, which of the following should be included time the medication was given, site given, patients response to the medication Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of an allergic reaction involving the skin? You are on the scene of a 22-year-old female patient who is unresponsive. The patient's mother states that she is deathly allergic to peanuts and accidentally ate stir fry cooked in peanut oil. The patient is unresponsive with agonal respirations at 6 per minute. What is your first action? Insert an oral airway and apply oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask. Which of the following explains why a patient may experience difficulty breathing during anaphylaxis? swelling of the airway tissues causes difficulty breathing You respond to a local swim park for a 29-year-old male who was stung by a bee and "passed out." Upon arrival, you find the patient unresponsive to all stimuli with agonal respirations at 6 per minute. You insert an oral airway and administer oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask. You notice that it is difficult to bag the patient. Your partner listens to lung sounds and states they are very diminished in the upper fields and absent in the lower fields. What is the best action? request orders from medical control to administer epinephrine What is another name for a severe allergic reaction? Your patient has eaten a casserole that may have contained seafood. The patient is worried because he has a seafood allergy. Upon assessment, you find no signs or symptoms of anaphylaxis. The patient's vital signs are stable and he has an epinephrine auto-injector prescribed to him. Which of the following actions is most appropriate? try to find out if the casserole contained seafood You are called to a residence for a 60-year-old male complaining of chest pain. You find the patient seated in bed. His past medical history includes hypertension and high cholesterol. The patient presents with hives over the chest, stridor, a swollen tongue, and wheezing in the upper fields. He denies any shortness of breath or respiratory distress, but does so in short two- to three-word statements. What condition do you suspect? As you prepare to enter a patient's room in a nursing home, you see a sign posted on the door indicating that the patient has a latex allergy. Which of the following is the best way to care for the patient? ask the nursing facility to find synthetic exam gloves to wear for contact with this patient Which of the following does not commonly lead to anaphylaxis? You have responded to a park where you find a 23-year-old female sitting on a bench near a running trail. She states that she has been running for the past 30 minutes and suddenly cannot catch her breath. She states that this has never happened before and she usually runs 5 miles a day. Your assessment reveals that she is flushed, her pulse is fast and weak, her respirations are fast and she is wheezing, and she has hives on her arms and chest. She is most likely suffering from which of the following? You are transporting a 41-year-old female suffering from severe anaphylaxis. Her respiratory rate is 42 per minute, she is cyanotic, and she has a decreased level of responsiveness. Which of the following is the highest priority of care for this patient? assist ventilations with bag-valve mask At which of the following sites should the EMT administer an epinephrine auto-injector? Your patient has a history of severe anaphylaxis and carries several auto-injectors. You have administered one of the auto-injectors, but the patient's condition continues to worsen. Which of the following is the next best course of action? A 35-year-old female has just eaten lobster and is now complaining of itchy, watery eyes. Her blood pressure is beginning to fall, but she denies difficulty breathing. Which of the following best describes her condition? Most epinephrine auto-injectors contain how many doses of epinephrine? Your patient is a 7-year-old girl who was prescribed an antibiotic for an ear infection. After 4 days on the antibiotic, the patient is experiencing hives and itching on her face, throat, and neck. Which of the following should you do? provide supportive care and monitor the patient's condition during transport to the hospital Which of the following is included in the primary assessment of a conscious patient suffering from anaphylactic shock? assessing whether the patient is able to speak without difficulty You are called to the local park on a hot summer day for an 8-year-old child in respiratory distress. The child can barely speak and appears to be getting sleepy. Vital signs are blood pressure 90/60, pulse 120, and respiratory rate 32. Your physical exam reveals a swollen tongue, inspiratory stridor, wheezing, and hives on the neck and chest. What condition do you suspect? Which of the following is not an indication that epinephrine is helping the anaphylaxis patient's condition? If a patient is having a myocardial infarctionnot an allergic reactionand receives an epinephrine auto-injection, which of the following will most likely occur? stronger and faster heartbeat You are treating a 28-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant. She has a history of bee sting anaphylaxis and was stung by a bee while in the garden. She is having severe respiratory distress and her blood pressure is 72/50 mmHg. Which of the following is the best option for the EMT? administer the epiPen only on the advice of medical control Upon delivering a patient to the emergency department, you remove your gloves and find that your hands are red and itchy. Which of the following is most likely? you are having an allergic reaction to the latex in the gloves Which of the following does a physician not take into consideration when writing a prescription for a patient to obtain an epinephrine auto-injector? how far the patient lives from medical attention Which of the following is the result of histamine and other chemicals in the body during anaphylaxis? Capillaries become leaky, bronchoconstriction occurs, and swelling appears in areas around the vocal cords. After activating the EpiPen auto-injector, how long should it be held in place before removing it from the patient's thigh? Which of the following is the proper method of disposing of a used epinephrine auto-injector? Place the device in a rigid biohazardous sharps disposal container. Which of the following happens to blood vessels during an anaphylactic reaction? Which of the following statements concerning severe allergic reactions is true? Severe reactions often occur immediately, but they are occasionally delayed 30 minutes or more. Which of the following changes commonly occurs in the cardiovascular system during anaphylaxis? low blood pressure due to vasodilation Which of the following is the reason why infants rarely experience anaphylactic reactions? infants havent developed antibodies to allergens Which of the following is a general term for a substance to which the body may have an anaphylactic reaction? Which of the following is most likely to be a complaint of a patient suffering from anaphylaxis? my throat feels like its closing You are called to a residence for a 50-year-old male complaining of difficulty breathing. He is alert and oriented to time, place, and person. The patient presents with hives over the chest, stridor, a swollen tongue, and wheezing in the upper fields. He is breathing 32 times per minute. He is speaking in two- to three-word sentences. What is the best treatment for the patient? administering epinephrine with consent from medical control You are on the scene of a 40-year-old male patient who is anaphylactic and still unresponsive following a single epinephrine injection. Prior to giving the injection, you inserted an oral airway and administered oxygen at 15 liters per minute by bag-valve mask and your partner found diminished lung sounds. Following the epinephrine administration, your partner reassesses lung sounds and tells you that the patient is now wheezing loudly in all fields. What is the next action you should perform? Contact medical control and request to administer another dose of epinephrine. Which of the following would you expect to hear when auscultating the lungs of a patient having an anaphylactic reaction? Your patient is a 45-year-old female who is allergic to sesame seeds, which she accidentally ingested when she ate a deli sandwich. She is having difficulty breathing and she has hives, watery eyes, a weak pulse of 120 per minute, and swelling of the face and tongue. Which of the following is the best course of immediate action? Contact medical control for orders to administer the patient's epinephrine auto-injector. Where should epinephrine auto injectors be administered?This medicine is injected under the skin or into the muscle of your outer thigh only. Do not inject this medicine into a vein, into the muscle of your buttocks, or into your fingers, toes, hands, or feet. To do so, may increase the chance of having serious side effects.
Where are auto injectors administered?Place the orange tip against the middle of the outer thigh (upper leg) at a right angle (perpendicular) to the thigh. Swing and push the auto-injector firmly until it “clicks.” The click signals that the injection has started. Hold firmly in place for 3 seconds (count slowly 1, 2, 3).
When should auto injectable epinephrine be administered?Epinephrine (adrenaline), a self-injectable medication, is the first-line treatment for severe or life-threatening allergic reactions (anaphylaxis). Epinephrine is a highly effective medication that can reverse severe symptoms. However, it must be administered promptly during anaphylaxis to be most effective.
When do you give epinephrine EMT?Adult patients should receive epinephrine IM when presenting with signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis, or impending respiratory failure due to asthma or COPD. Administration of epinephrine by EMTs is indicated in the following protocols: 1-6 Anaphylaxis/Allergic Reaction. 3-3 Respiratory Distress.
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At which of the following sites should the emt administer an epinephrine auto-injector?
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