Which of the following accounts requires a debit to close the account at year-end?

Multiple Choice

1.

LO 5.1Which of the following accounts is considered a temporary or nominal account?

1. Fees Earned Revenue
2. Prepaid Advertising
3. Unearned Service Revenue
4. Prepaid Insurance

2.

LO 5.1Which of the following accounts is considered a permanent or real account?

1. Interest Revenue
2. Prepaid Insurance
3. Insurance Expense
4. Supplies Expense

3.

LO 5.1If a journal entry includes a debit or credit to the Cash account, it is most likely which of the following?

1. a closing entry
2. an adjusting entry
3. an ordinary transaction entry
4. outside of the accounting cycle

4.

LO 5.1If a journal entry includes a debit or credit to the Retained Earnings account, it is most likely which of the following?

1. a closing entry
2. an adjusting entry
3. an ordinary transaction entry
4. outside of the accounting cycle

5.

LO 5.1Which of these accounts would be present in the closing entries?

1. Dividends
2. Accounts Receivable
3. Unearned Service Revenue
4. Sales Tax Payable

6.

LO 5.1Which of these accounts would not be present in the closing entries?

1. Utilities Expense
2. Fees Earned Revenue
3. Insurance Expense
4. Dividends Payable

7.

LO 5.1Which of these accounts is never closed?

1. Dividends
2. Retained Earnings
3. Service Fee Revenue
4. Income Summary

8.

LO 5.1Which of these accounts is never closed?

1. Prepaid Rent
2. Income Summary
3. Rent Revenue
4. Rent Expense

9.

LO 5.1Which account would be credited when closing the account for fees earned for the year?

1. Accounts Receivable
2. Fees Earned Revenue
3. Unearned Fee Revenue
4. Income Summary

10.

LO 5.1Which account would be credited when closing the account for rent expense for the year?

1. Prepaid Rent
2. Rent Expense
3. Rent Revenue
4. Unearned Rent Revenue

11.

LO 5.2Which of these accounts is included in the post-closing trial balance?

1. Sales Revenue
2. Salaries Expense
3. Retained Earnings
4. Dividends

12.

LO 5.2Which of these accounts is not included in the post-closing trial balance?

1. Land
2. Notes Payable
3. Retained Earnings
4. Dividends

13.

LO 5.2On which of the following would the year-end Retained Earnings balance be stated correctly?

1. Unadjusted Trial Balance
2. Adjusted Trial Balance
3. Post-Closing Trial Balance
4. The Worksheet

14.

LO 5.2Which of these accounts is included in the post-closing trial balance?

1. Supplies Expense
2. Accounts Payable
3. Sales Revenue
4. Insurance Expense

15.

LO 5.3If current assets are $112,000 and current liabilities are $56,000, what is the current ratio?

1. 200 percent
2. 50 percent
3. 2.0
4. $50,000

16.

LO 5.3If current assets are $100,000 and current liabilities are $42,000, what is the working capital?

1. 200 percent
2. 50 percent
3. 2.0
4. $58,000

Questions

1.

LO 5.1Explain what is meant by the term real accounts (also known as permanent accounts).

2.

LO 5.1Explain what is meant by the term nominal accounts (also known as temporary accounts).

3.

LO 5.1What is the purpose of the closing entries?

4.

LO 5.1What would happen if the company failed to make closing entries at the end of the year?

5.

LO 5.1Which of these account types (Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue, Expense, Dividend) are credited in the closing entries? Why?

6.

LO 5.1Which of these account types (Assets, Liabilities, Equity, Revenue, Expense, Dividend) are debited in the closing entries? Why?

7.

LO 5.1The account called Income Summary is often used in the closing entries. Explain this account’s purpose and how it is used.

8.

LO 5.1What are the four entries required for closing, assuming that the Income Summary account is used?

9.

LO 5.1After the first two closing entries are made, Income Summary has a credit balance of $125,500. What does this indicate about the company’s net income or loss?

10.

LO 5.1After the first two closing entries are made, Income Summary has a debit balance of $22,750. What does this indicate about the company’s net income or loss?

11.

LO 5.2What account types are included in a post-closing trial balance?

12.

LO 5.2Which of the basic financial statements can be directly tied to the post-closing trial balance? Why is this so?

13.

LO 5.3Describe the calculation required to compute working capital. Explain the significance.

14.

LO 5.3Describe the calculation required to compute the current ratio. Explain the significance.

15.

LO 5.4Describe the progression of the three trial balances that a company would have during the period, and explain the difference between the three.

Exercise Set A

EA1.

LO 5.1Identify whether each of the following accounts is nominal/temporary or real/permanent.

1. Accounts Receivable
2. Fees Earned Revenue
3. Utility Expense
4. Prepaid Rent

EA2.

LO 5.1For each of the following accounts, identify whether it is nominal/temporary or real/permanent, and whether it is reported on the Balance Sheet or the Income Statement.

1. Interest Expense
2. Buildings
3. Interest Payable
4. Unearned Rent Revenue

EA3.

LO 5.1For each of the following accounts, identify whether it would be closed at year-end (yes or no) and on which financial statement the account would be reported (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, or Retained Earnings Statement).

1. Accounts Payable
2. Accounts Receivable
3. Cash
4. Dividends
5. Fees Earned Revenue
6. Insurance Expense
7. Prepaid Insurance
8. Supplies

EA4.

LO 5.1The following accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

EA5.

LO 5.1The following accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

EA6.

LO 5.1Use the following excerpts from the year-end Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

EA7.

LO 5.1Use the following T-accounts to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

EA8.

LO 5.1Use the following T-accounts to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

EA9.

LO 5.2Identify whether each of the following accounts would be listed in the company’s Post-Closing Trial Balance.

1. Accounts Payable
2. Advertising Expense
3. Dividends
4. Fees Earned Revenue
5. Prepaid Advertising
6. Supplies
7. Supplies Expense
8. Unearned Fee Revenue

EA10.

LO 5.2Identify which of the following accounts would not be listed on the company’s Post-Closing Trial Balance.

EA11.

LO 5.3For each of the following accounts, identify in which section of the classified balance sheet it would be presented: current assets, property, intangibles, other assets, current liabilities, long-term liabilities, or stockholder’s equity.

1. Accounts Payable
2. Accounts Receivable
3. Cash
4. Equipment
5. Land
6. Notes Payable (due two years later)
7. Prepaid Insurance
8. Supplies

EA12.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

EA13.

LO 5.3Using the following account balances, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

EA14.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two companies presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

Then:

1. evaluate which company’s liquidity position appears stronger, and why.

EA15.

LO 5.3Using the following account balances, calculate:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

Exercise Set B

EB1.

LO 5.1Identify whether each of the following accounts are nominal/temporary or real/permanent.

1. Rent Expense
2. Unearned Service Fee Revenue
3. Interest Revenue
4. Accounts Payable

EB2.

LO 5.1For each of the following accounts, identify whether it is nominal/temporary or real/permanent, and whether it is reported on the Balance Sheet or the Income Statement.

1. Salaries Payable
2. Sales Revenue
3. Salaries Expense
4. Prepaid Insurance

EB3.

LO 5.1For each of the following accounts, identify whether it would be closed at year-end (yes or no) and on which financial statement the account would be reported (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, or Retained Earnings Statement).

1. Retained Earnings
2. Prepaid Rent
3. Rent Expense
4. Rent Revenue
5. Salaries Expense
6. Salaries Payable
7. Supplies Expense
8. Unearned Rent Revenue

EB4.

LO 5.1The following accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

EB5.

LO 5.1The following accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

EB6.

LO 5.1Use the following excerpts from the year-end Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

EB7.

LO 5.1Use the following T-accounts to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

EB8.

LO 5.1Use the following T-accounts to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

EB9.

LO 5.2Identify which of the following accounts would be listed on the company’s Post-Closing Trial Balance.

1. Accounts Receivable
2. Accumulated Depreciation
3. Cash
4. Office Expense
5. Note Payable
6. Rent Revenue
7. Retained Earnings
8. Unearned Rent Revenue

EB10.

LO 5.2Identify which of the following accounts would not be listed on the company’s Post-Closing Trial Balance.

EB11.

LO 5.3For each of the following accounts, identify in which section of the classified balance sheet it would be presented: current assets, property, intangibles, other assets, current liabilities, long-term liabilities, or stockholder’s equity.

1. Building
2. Cash
3. Common Stock
4. Copyright
5. Prepaid Advertising
6. Notes Payable (due six months later)
7. Taxes Payable
8. Unearned Rent Revenue

EB12.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

EB13.

LO 5.3Using the following account balances, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

EB14.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two companies presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

Then:

1. evaluate which company’s liquidity position appears stronger, and why.

EB15.

LO 5.3From the following Company B adjusted trial balance, prepare simple financial statements, as follows:

Problem Set A

PA1.

LO 5.1Identify whether each of the following accounts would be considered a permanent account (yes/no) and which financial statement it would be reported on (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, or Retained Earnings Statement).

1. Accumulated Depreciation
2. Buildings
3. Depreciation Expense
4. Equipment
5. Fees Earned Revenue
6. Insurance Expense
7. Prepaid Insurance
8. Supplies Expense
9. Dividends

PA2.

LO 5.1The following selected accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

PA3.

LO 5.1The following selected accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Notice that expenses exceed revenuein this period. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

PA4.

LO 5.1Use the following Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

PA5.

LO 5.1Use the following Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

PA6.

LO 5.1Use the following T-accounts to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

PA7.

LO 5.1Assume that the first two closing entries have been made and posted. Use the T-accounts provided as follows to:

1. complete the closing entries
2. determine the ending balance in the Retained Earnings account

PA8.

LO 5.1Correct any obvious errors in the following closing entries by providing the four corrected closing entries. Assume all accounts held normal account balances in the Adjusted Trial Balance.

PA9.

LO 5.2Assuming the following Adjusted Trial Balance, create the Post-Closing Trial Balance that would result, after all closing journal entries were made and posted:

PA10.

LO 5.2The following Post-Closing Trial Balance contains errors. Prepare a corrected Post-Closing Trial Balance:

PA11.

LO 5.2Assuming the following Adjusted Trial Balance, recreate the Post-Closing Trial Balance that would result after all closing journal entries were made and posted:

PA12.

LO 5.3Use the following Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare a classified Balance Sheet:

PA13.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, for the two years presented calculate:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

PA14.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two companies presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

PA15.

LO 5.3Using the following account balances, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

PA16.

LO 5.4From the following Company R adjusted trial balance, prepare the following:

1. Income Statement
2. Retained Earnings Statement
3. Balance Sheet (simple—unclassified)
4. Closing journal entries
5. Post-Closing Trial Balance

PA17.

LO 5.4From the following Company T adjusted trial balance, prepare the following:

1. Income Statement
2. Retained Earnings Statement
3. Balance Sheet (simple—unclassified)
4. Closing journal entries
5. Post-Closing Trial Balance

Problem Set B

PB1.

LO 5.1Identify whether each of the following accounts would be considered a permanent account (yes/no) and which financial statement it would be reported on (Balance Sheet, Income Statement, or Retained Earnings Statement).

1. Common Stock
2. Dividends
3. Dividends Payable
4. Equipment
5. Income Tax Expense
6. Income Tax Payable
7. Service Revenue
8. Unearned Service Revenue
9. Net Income

PB2.

LO 5.1The following selected accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

PB3.

LO 5.1The following selected accounts and normal balances existed at year-end. Notice that expenses exceed revenuein this period. Make the four journal entries required to close the books:

PB4.

LO 5.1Use the following Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

PB5.

LO 5.1Use the following Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

PB6.

LO 5.1Use the following T-accounts to prepare the four journal entries required to close the books:

PB7.

LO 5.1Assume that the first two closing entries have been made and posted. Use the T-accounts provided below to:

1. complete the closing entries
2. determine the ending balance in the Retained Earnings account

PB8.

LO 5.1Correct any obvious errors in the following closing entries by providing the four corrected closing entries. Assume all accounts held normal account balances in the Adjusted Trial Balance.

PB9.

LO 5.2Assuming the following Adjusted Trial Balance, create the Post-Closing Trial Balance that would result after all closing journal entries were made and posted:

PB10.

LO 5.2The following Post-Closing Trial Balance contains errors. Prepare a corrected Post-Closing Trial Balance:

PB11.

LO 5.2Assuming the following Adjusted Trial Balance, re-create the Post-Closing Trial Balance that would result after all closing journal entries were made and posted:

PB12.

LO 5.3Use the following Adjusted Trial Balance to prepare a classified Balance Sheet:

PB13.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

PB14.

LO 5.3Using the following Balance Sheet summary information, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

PB15.

LO 5.3Using the following account balances, calculate for the two years presented:

1. working capital
2. current ratio

PB16.

LO 5.4From the following Company S adjusted trial balance, prepare the following:

1. Income Statement
2. Retained Earnings Statement
3. Balance Sheet (simple—unclassified)
4. Closing journal entries
5. Post-Closing Trial Balance

Thought Provokers

TP1.

LO 5.1Assume you are the controller of a large corporation, and the chief executive officer (CEO) has requested that you refrain from posting closing entries at 20X1 year-end, with the intention of combining the two years’ profits in year 20X2, in an effort to make that year’s profits appear stronger.

Write a memo to the CEO, to offer your response to the request to skip the closing entries for year 20X1.

TP2.

LO 5.1Search the Securities and Exchange Commission website (https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedga...anysearch.html) and locate the latest Form 10-K for a company you would like to analyze. Submit a short memo:

• State the name and ticker symbol of the company you have chosen.
• Review the company’s end-of-period Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and Statement of Retained Earnings.
• Use the information in these financial statements to answer these questions:
  1. If the company had used the income summary account for its closing entries, how much would the company have credited the Income Summary account in the first closing entry?
  2. How much would the company have debited the Income Summary account in the second closing entry?

Provide the web link to the company’s Form 10-K, to allow accurate verification of your answers.

TP3.

LO 5.1Assume you are a senior accountant and have been assigned the responsibility for making the entries to close the books for the year. You have prepared the following four entries and presented them to your boss, the chief financial officer of the company, along with the company CEO, in the weekly staff meeting:

As the CEO was reviewing your work, he asked the question, “What do these entries mean? Can we learn anything about the company from reviewing them?”

Provide an explanation to give to the CEO about what the entries reveal about the company’s operations this year.

TP4.

LO 5.2Search the US Securities and Exchange Commission website (https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedga...anysearch.html) and locate the latest Form 10-K for a company you would like to analyze. Submit a short memo:

• State the name and ticker symbol of the company you have chosen.
• Review the company’s Balance Sheets.
• Reconstruct a Post-Closing Trial Balance for the company from the information presented in the financial statements.

Provide the web link to the company’s Form 10-K, to allow accurate verification of your answers.

TP5.

LO 5.3Search the Securities and Exchange Commission website (https://www.sec.gov/edgar/searchedga...anysearch.html) and locate the latest Form 10-K for a company you would like to analyze. Submit a short memo:

• State the name and ticker symbol of the company you have chosen.
• Review the company’s end-of-period Balance Sheet for the most recent annual report.
• List the amount of Current Assets and Current Liabilities for the currently reported year, and for the previous year. Use these amounts to calculate the company’s (A) working capital and (B) current ratio.

Provide the web link to the company’s Form 10-K, to allow accurate verification of your answers.