Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about, influence and relate to one another |
Attribution Theory | The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. |
Fundamental Attribution Error | The tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition |
Foot-In-The-Door-Phenomenon | The tendency for people to first agree to small requests and later agree to large requests. |
Door - in - the - face | a compliance tactic that involves first making an extremely large request that the respondent will obviously turn down followed by making a second, more reasonable request |
Ingratiation | A tactic that involve getting someone to like you in order to obtain compliance with a request by using flattery, opinion conformity or self - presentation. |
Low - Ball | A compliance tactic that involves first gaining closure and commitment it the idea you want the person to accept and then changing the agreement to make it more appealing for you. |
Value | A principle, standard or quality considered worthwhile or desirable |
Attitude | Feelings that predispose us to respond in a certain way |
Role | Expectations about a social position defining how those in position should behave |
Cognitive Dissonance Theory | The theory that we try to reduce discomfort when two of our thoughts are inconsistent |
Effects of role playing | While striving to follow social prescriptions, a person may adopt those attitudes |
Central Route Persuasion | When people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts |
Peripheral Route Persuasion | When people are influenced by incidental cues such as attractiveness |
Social Norms | An unwritten but understood rule for accepted and expected behavior |
Conformity | Adjusting our behaviors to coincide with a group standard |
Solomon Asch's Conformity Study | studied conformity with a simple line test |
Normative Social Influence | Influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval |
Informational Social Influence | Influence from one's willingness to accept others opinion about reality |
Obedience | Occurs when you change your opinions, judgments, or actions because someome in a position of authority told you to |
Stanley Milgram's study | A test of obedience using an electric shock test; 63% of participants went all the way to 450 volts; obedience was highest with a legitimate authority figure, with a prestigious institution's support, when the victim was depersonalized, and when there were no role models for defiance |
Passionate Love | A state of intense positive absorption in another |
Compassionate Love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those we spend our lives with. |
Equity | A condition where people receive what they give in a relationship |
Self-Disclosure | Revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others |
Stereotype | A generalized belief about a group of people |
Prejudice | An unjustified attitude toward a group and it's members |
Discrimination | Unjustified negative behavior toward a group and its members |
In-group | People who we share a common identity with |
In-group Bias | The tendency to favor our own group |
Scapegoat Theory | The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame |
Just World Phenomenon | The tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get |
Other-Race Effect | The tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races |
Aggression | Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy |
genetic influence of aggressions | hereditary, associated with the Y chromosome |
neural influences of aggressions | Amygdala stimulation, brain injuries |
biochemical influences of aggressions | homones , alcohol and other substances; correlation between testosterone and aggressions |
psychological influences of aggressions | frustration, hot weather, rewarding, social rejections, observation |
Frustration-Aggression Principle | The principle that frustration creates anger which can lead to aggression |
Altruism | Unselfish regard for the welfare of others |
Social Exchange Theory | The theory that our social behavior has an aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
Social Responsibility Norm | An expectation that people will help those dependent on them |
Reciprocity Norm | Helping those who have helped us |
Bystander Effect | The tendency for any bystander to be less likely to help someone if other bystanders are present |
Attraction | The three main factors are proximity, similarity and Physical Attractiveness |
Mere Exposure Effect | The phenomenon where exposure to someone increases our liking for them |
Social Facilitation | Stronger response to simple tasks in the presence of others. |
Social Inhibition | When an indiviual's skill performance get worse in the presence of others |
Social Loafing | Tendency for people in groups to put less effort when working for a common goal than working individually |
Conflict | A perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas |
Groupthink | The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision making group overrides alternatives |
Deindividuation | The loss of self-awareness in groups |
Group Polarization | The Tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial ideas of its members |
in-group | People who we share a common identity with |
Outgroup | Those perceived as different or apart from our in-group |
Mirror Image Perceptions | Mutual views between two groups that view themselves positively and view the other group negatively |
Superordinate Goals GRIT | Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
Social Trap | A situation where a group of people act to obtain short term goals to obtain individual goals which leads to loss in the group in the long run |
Is it clear that opposites attract? | No, we are more likely to be attracted to people similar to ourselves |
When we are influenced because we desire to gain approval and avoid disapproval is called?
Normative social influence. Influence resulting from a person's. desire to gain approval or avoid. disapproval.
When we conform to avoid rejection or to gain social approval We are responding to?
Normative social influence occurs when we conform in order to gain acceptance and avoid rejection; it leads to public changes but private disagreement. 3.
What is the meaning of social facilitation?
the improvement in an individual's performance of a task that often occurs when others are present. This effect tends to occur with tasks that are uncomplicated or have been previously mastered through practice.
How could group polarization impact a jury deliberating on a death penalty case?
Discuss how a group polarization might impact a jury deliberation on a death / penalty case. Group polarization can feed extremism—a jury member with a moderate idea of the accused's guilt or innocence may be swayed to a more polar opinion after listening to the other jury members discuss their opinions.