The term pharmacokinetics is derived from the ancient Greek words “pharmakon” and “kinetikos”, meaning “drug” and “putting in motion” respectively. It is one of the main branches of pharmacology, and refers to the way that the body reacts on and affects a pharmaceutical substance in the body. Show
From the moment that a drug enters the body, the body recognizes it and processes it in a unique way, according to the individual characteristics of the drug. Pharmacokinetics is the study of how the body reacts to the presence of the drug. This information can be used to improve the administration and use of medicines. There are four main components of pharmacokinetics: liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (LADME). These are used to explain the various characteristics of different drugs in the body. They are covered in more detail below. LiberationLiberation is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is released from the formulation it is delivered in. This must occur before the drug can be absorbed into the body. AbsorptionAbsorption is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance enters the blood circulation in the body. The pharmacokinetic parameters for absorption include:
DistributionDistribution is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is dispersed through the fluids and tissues in the body. The pharmacokinetic parameters for distribution include:
MetabolismMetabolism is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is transformed into other substances, called metabolites, in the body. The pharmacokinetic parameters for metabolism include:
ExcretionExcretion is the process in which a pharmaceutical substance is removed from the body. In rare cases, some drugs may never be completely excreted from the body. They then irreversibly accumulate in the tissues. The pharmacokinetic parameters for excretion include: Related Stories
Other pharmacokinetic parameters for all elimination methods (both metabolism and excretion) include:
Pharmacokinetic ValuesThere are several mathematical formulas that can be graphically represented to model each of the pharmacokinetic components.
Pharmacokinetic StudiesResearch studies in pharmacokinetics are usually carried out in healthy volunteers or patients, to investigate and estimate the interplay between drugs and the body in the general population. The data obtained from pharmacokinetic studies is very useful, as it provides information for pharmacologists to make decisions about the appropriate design and administration of each drug. Clinical pharmacokinetics uses this information and applies it in clinical medical practice, to promote the safest and most effective therapeutic use of drugs for each individual patient. Introduction to Pharmacokinetics References
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Last Updated: Feb 27, 2019  Written by Yolanda SmithYolanda graduated with a Bachelor of Pharmacy at the University of South Australia and has experience working in both Australia and Italy. She is passionate about how medicine, diet and lifestyle affect our health and enjoys helping people understand this. In her spare time she loves to explore the world and learn about new cultures and languages. CitationsPlease use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report:
Suggested ReadingWhat is the term used to describe the absorption distribution metabolism and excretion of a drug?Pharmacokinetics: The Absorption, Distribution, and Excretion of Drugs.
What is the term for the body's process of absorbing distributing metabolizing and excreting a drug quizlet?Pharmacokinetics. is the process of drug movement throughout the body that is necessary to achieve drug action. The four processes are absorption, distribution, metabolism (or biotransformation), and excretion (or elimination)
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What term describes the motion of drugs through the body and includes the absorption distribution metabolism and excretion of drugs?
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