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Chapter No 4 SOCIAL INTERACTION SOCIAL STRUCTURE All activities in life—including scavenging in garbage bins and living “on the streets”—are social in nature. Homeless persons and domiciled persons (those with homes) live in social worlds that have predictable patterns of social interaction. Social interaction is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society In this chapter, we look at the relationship between social structure and social interaction. Social structure is the complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy, politics, and religion) and the social practices (such as rules and social roles) that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people’s behavior. This structure is essential for the survival of society and for the well-being of individuals because it provides a social web of familial support and social relationships that connects each of us to the larger society Components of Social Interaction & Social Structure i.Status ii.Status set iii.Achieved and ascribed status iv.Master status v.Role vi.Role set vii.Role conflict viii.Role strain The process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society The complex framework of societal institutions and the social practices that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behaviors Macro level social structure of a society's elements Social institutions The state of being part insider and part outsiders in the social structure Components of social structure: A socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. Comprises of all the statuses that a person occupies at a given time A social position conferred at birth or received involuntarily later in life, based on attributes over which the individual has little to no control, such as race/ethnicity, age, gender. A social position that a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effor The most important status that a person occupies Material signs that inform others of a person specific status A set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status A groups or society's definition of the way that a specific role ought to be played How a person actually plays the role Expectations associated with with a role are unclear Occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time When incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies When people continuously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance Occurs when people disengage from social roles that gave been central to their self identity Consists of two or people who interact frequently and share a common identity and a feeling of interdependence A small, less specialized group in which members e gage in face to face, emotion based interactions over an extended periods of time A larger, more specialized group in which members engage in more impersonal, goal oriented relationships for a limited period of time A groups ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles A series of social relationships that links individuals to others A highly structured group formed for the purpose of completing certain tasks or achieving specific goals A set of organized beliefs and rules that establishes how a society will attempt to meet its basic social needs 5 basic social institutions: Family Also considered social institutions Mass media Composed of specific, identifiable people A standardized way of doing something Helps distinguish between the two Functionalist views on social institutions Societies and groups must have socially approved ways of replacing members who move away or die People who are born into a society or move into it must learn the group's values and customs 3. Producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services All societies must provide and distribute goods and services for their members Every group or society must preserve order within its boundaries and protect itself from attacks by outsiders 5. Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose In order to motivate people to cooperate with one another, a sense of purpose is needed Conflict views on social institutions They don't believe social institutions work for the common good of everyone The methods and tools that are available for acquiring the basic needs of daily life 5 types of societies based on various levels of subsistence technology 1. Hunting and gathering Changes that occur as a society gains new technology Hunting and gathering societies Use simple technology for hunting animals and gathering vegetation Horticultural and pastoral societies Based on technology that supports the domestication of large animals to provide food Based on technology that supports the cultivation of plants to provide food Societies that use technology of large scale farming, including animal drawn or energy powered plows and equipment to produce their food supply Based on technology that mechanizes production One in which technology supports a service and information based economy Emile and
Tonnies How the various tasks of society are divided up and performed Social cohesion of preindustrial societies, in which there is minimal division of labor and people feel united by shared values and common social bonds -Emile The social cohesion found in industrial societies, in which people perform very specialized takes and feel United by their mutual dependence Tonnies; A traditional society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship be on intergenerational stability. A large urban society in which social bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships with little long term commitment to the group or consensus on values Three major styles of leadership Make all major group decisions and assign tasks to members Encourage group discussion and decision making through consensus building
Only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their own decisions Is the process by which people act toward and respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society?interaction is. Process by which people act toward or respond to other people around them. Foundation for all relationships and groups in a society. 4 critical components: critical to human activity, particular to the situation, influences the behaviors of others, & affected by social structure.
What is the process by which people act and react in relation to others?Social interaction is defined as the process by which people act and react in relation to each other.
Which term is used to refer to the ways in which people respond to one another such as face to face via the telephone or over a computer )?Interpersonal communication is an exchange of information between two or more people. It is also an area of research that seeks to understand how humans use verbal and nonverbal cues to accomplish a number of personal and relational goals.
Is the process by which people act and react in relation to others quizlet?The process by which people act and react in relation to others is called: status interaction.
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Is the process by which people act toward or respond to other people and is the foundation for all relationships and groups in society?
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