BPMN depicts these four element types for business process diagrams: Show
These are the individual elements and how they are used to define a business process: EventsA trigger that starts, modifies or completes a process. Event types include message, timer, error, compensation, signal, cancel, escalation, link and others. They are shown by circles containing other symbols based on event type. They are classified as either “throwing” or “catching,” depending on their function.  ActivityA particular activity or task performed by a person or system. It’s shown by a rectangle with rounded corners. They can become more detailed with sub-processes, loops, compensations and multiple instances. GatewayDecision point that can adjust the path based on conditions or events. They are shown as diamonds. They can be exclusive or inclusive, parallel, complex, or based on data or events. Sequence flowShows the order of activities to be performed. It is shown as a straight line with an arrow. It might show a conditional flow, or a default flow. Message flowDepicts messages that flow across “pools,” or organization boundaries such as departments. It shouldn’t connect events or activities within a pool. It is represented by a dashed line with a circle at the start and an arrow at the end. AssociationShown with a dotted line, it associates an artifact or text to an event, activity or gateway. Pool and swimlaneA pool represents major participants in a process. A different pool may be in a different company or department but still involved in the process. Swimlanes within a pool show the activities and flow for a certain role or participant, defining who is accountable for what parts of the process. ArtifactAdditional information that developers add to bring a necessary level of detail to the diagram. There are three types of artifacts: data object, group or annotation. A data object shows what data is necessary for an activity. A group shows a logical grouping of activities but doesn’t change the diagram’s flow. An annotation provides further explanation to a part of the diagram. A swimlane (as in swimlane diagram) is used in process flow diagrams, or flowcharts, that visually distinguishes job sharing and responsibilities for sub-processes of a business process. Swimlanes may be arranged either horizontally or vertically. Swimlane flowchart. Here, the swimlanes are named Customer, Sales, Contracts, Legal, and Fulfillment, and are arranged vertically. Attributes of a swimlane[edit]The swimlane flowchart differs from other flowcharts in that processes and decisions are grouped visually by placing them in lanes. Parallel lines divide the chart into lanes, with one lane for each person, group or sub process. Lanes are labelled to show how the chart is organized. In the accompanying example, the vertical direction represents the sequence of events in the overall process, while the horizontal divisions depict what sub-process is performing that step. Arrows between the lanes represent how information or material is passed between the sub processes. Alternately, the flow can be rotated so that the sequence reads horizontally from left to right, with the roles involved being shown at the left edge. This can be easier to read and design, since computer screens are typically wider than they are tall, which gives an improved view of the flow. Use of standard symbols enables clear linkage to be shown between related flow charts when charting flows with complex relationships. Usage[edit]When used to diagram a business process that involves more than one department, swimlanes often serve to clarify not only the steps and who is responsible for each one, but also how delays, mistakes or cheating are most likely to occur. Many process modeling methodologies utilize the concept of swimlanes, as a mechanism to organize activities into separate visual categories in order to illustrate different functional capabilities or responsibilities (organisational roles). Swimlanes are used in Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) and Unified Modeling Language activity diagram modeling methodologies. Alternative terms[edit]A Swimlane was first introduced to computer-based Process Modeling by IGrafx in 1993 and trademarked in 1996. It may also be referred to as a functional band (as it is in Microsoft Visio 2007) and is used in the same way, to create a cross functional flowchart to map a process within the functional units of a business.[1] The term functional band came after the use of swimlane and is seemingly in decline as the acceptable term as BPMN has been more widely accepted as a modeling standard. Another term used is "Functional Flowchart" useful for productivity improvement and systems design projects. After establishing the 'as is' workflow and systems interfaces, work steps are simplified to automate processes whenever practical and transfer steps to subsequent work processes. A 'to be' model is then created for human processes and a related systems design document developed for those that are automated. Typically over 30% productivity gains are accomplished even for processes that remain manual. Origin[edit]Swimlane diagrams first appeared in the 1940s as a variation of the flow process chart called multi-column charts.[2] They were called Swim Lane diagrams by Geary Rummler and Alan Brache in their book Improving Performance (1990). They were first introduced to computer-based diagramming by iGrafx. Swimlanes are also known as "Rummler-Brache Diagrams". Another possible origin of the term swimlane is as part of the JBoss jBPM jPDL (Process Definition Language) graphical process designer a part of the JBoss jBPM framework for process languages.[3] The Swimlane presentation was developed in the early 1980s by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Binner as part of his doctoral thesis on the requirements of the IT and CIM concept at the Institute for Factory Facilities at Prof. Wiendahl at TU-Har. A process model was developed in which the role-based process analysis and modeling was the starting point for the IT-based IT solution or, in the case, the CIM solution with which the development of an IT-CIM concept was possible. See also[edit]
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Which of the following statements about information system and business process is correct?The correct answer is: (b) An information system consists of the hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that work together to produce quality information.
Which of the following is a subset of the activities in a business process that is performed by a particular actor?A role is a subset of the activities in a business process that is performed by an actor, which is a person, group, department, organization, or information system. The name of the role is written at the top of a swimlane, not people's names.
Is a collection of data that is stored within business records?A database is a collection of data that is stored electronically as a series of records in a table.
What is the standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business processes?BPMN is a standard set of terms and graphical notations for documenting business processes.
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In the swim-lane format of a business process model, all __________ are given a swim-lane.
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