According to the third side approach, which three roles are part of conflict containment?

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journal article

Towards Complementarity in Conflict Management: Resolution and Settlement in Northern Ireland

Journal of Peace Research

Vol. 32, No. 2 (May, 1995)

, pp. 151-164 (14 pages)

Published By: Sage Publications, Inc.

//www.jstor.org/stable/425064

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Abstract

This article argues the case for a model of conflict management based on a complementary view of two approaches to conflict, resolution and settlement, which have traditionally been presented in the literature as opposed. It employs empirical evidence of complementarity in practice to highlight the failure of this dichotomized theoretical debate. It endorses a theoretical model based on complementarity which both unblocks the paralysis caused by such dichotomization and energizes the prescriptive potential of both approaches. The article first describes and defines the two schools of thought and their respective prescriptions for conflict management, and then considers the potential for complementarity between the two at the theoretical level. Fisher & Keashly's contingency model of intervention (1991) is critiqued, and two descriptive weaknesses are identified: an overdependence on a sequential view of conflict, and an assumption of intra-party cohesion. Evidence for complementarity in practical conflict management strategies in the Northern Ireland conflict is then reviewed. Finally, an expansion of the contingency model based on such empirical study is discussed, in particular a means of building a model which is more flexible and context-responsive through the use of embedded criteria at the prescriptive stage.

Journal Information

Journal of Peace Research is the premier journal in the field, publishing scholarly work in peace research concentrating on the causes of violence, methods of conflict resolution and ways of sustaining peace.

Publisher Information

Sara Miller McCune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 to support the dissemination of usable knowledge and educate a global community. SAGE is a leading international provider of innovative, high-quality content publishing more than 900 journals and over 800 new books each year, spanning a wide range of subject areas. A growing selection of library products includes archives, data, case studies and video. SAGE remains majority owned by our founder and after her lifetime will become owned by a charitable trust that secures the company’s continued independence. Principal offices are located in Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC and Melbourne. www.sagepublishing.com

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Third Side Roles

The Third Side program has developed materials describing how people in ten basic roles can act to reduce the destructiveness commonly associated with intractable conflict.

If you wish to learn more about what third-sider role you are currently playing or are most suited to play, please take this quiz.

• The Arbiter - Whereas a mediator can only suggest a solution, this person can decide what is right. Resolving disputes, promoting justice, and encouraging negotiation are the arbiter's central roles.
• The Bridge Builder - The basic role of the bridge builder is to bring people together and help establish personal relationships.
• The Equalizer - The central role of the equalizer is to empower the weak and unrepresented so that they can negotiate a fair and satisfactory resolution. This involves helping to bring the powerful to the table, building collaborative democracy, and supporting nonviolent action.
• The Healer - The role of the healer is to help parties overcome their feelings of anger, fear, humiliation, insecurity, and grief. This includes listening to people's grievances, acknowledging hurt feelings, and encouraging parties to apologize and make reparations.
• The Mediator - The central roles of the mediator are to bring the parties to the table, facilitate communication, and help people to search for a solution.
• The Peacekeeper - The central role of the peacekeeper is to provide protection. This includes interposing between parties, enforcing the peace, and preempting violence before it starts.
• The Provider - The basic roles of the provider are to share resources and knowledge, give others a sense of security, and help ensure that basic human needs are met.
• The Referee - The referee establishes rules for fair fighting, takes away dangerous weapons, and strengthens defenses.
• The Teacher - Sometimes people fight simply because they know of no other way to react when a need is frustrated and a serious difference arises. The roles of the teacher are to delegitimize violence, teach tolerance, and expose people to practical ways of solving their problems.
• The Witness - The witness watches out for early warning signals, goes on patrol and reports violent incidents, and calls for the attention of other community members.
• Main Third Side User Guide Page

Much of the material on this user guide is drawn from www.thirdside.org. Thanks to Bill Ury and Josh Weiss for giving us permission to republish their material here.

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