Name the 5 Layers of the OSI Networking Model Show 1. Application Layer 2. Transport Layer 3. Network Layer 4. Data Link Layer 5. Physical Layer A network segment where only one device can communicate at a time is known as a ____ A device that knows how to forward traffic between independent networks is known as a ____ When data can flow across a cable in both directions, this is known as _______ communication. MAC address stands for ______ address. The number system that has 16 numerals is known as ______. The transmission method that sends data to every device on a LAN is known as a _______ transmission. The technique that allows you to have multiple logical LANs operating on the same physical equipment is known as a ______. Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) The most common Data Link Layer protocol for wired connections is ______. Something that requests data from a server is known as a ______. A device that connects lots of devices and remembers which ones are connected to each interface is known as a ______. When an electrical pulse on one wire is accidentally detected in another nearby wire, this is known as _______. The first part of an Ethernet frame is known as the ______. A defined set of standards that computers must follow in order to communicate properly is known as a _______. Transmission Control Protocol How many octets are there in a MAC address? What address is used for Ethernet broadcasts? A mathematical calculation used to ensure that all data arrived intact is known as a ______. Cyclical Redundancy Check What is the type of modulation used by twisted pair cable computer networks known as? What’s the difference between full and half duplex? Full duplex allows communications in two directions at the same time; half duplex means that only one side can communicate at a time. True or False: A switch remembers which devices are connected on each interface, while a hub does not. Which device causes larger collision domains, a hub or a switch? True or False: A hub is a Data Link Layer device? False. A hub is a Physical Layer device. True or False: A switch is a Data Link Layer device? Which of the following is an example of a network Layer protocol: 1. IP What’s the difference between a client and a server? A client requests data, and a server responds to that request. Address Resolution Protocol How many bits are in an IPv4 address? The answer is 32. Example below. 172. 16. 254. 1. The above translates to binary as: 10101100.00010000.11111110.00000001 Every number is a BIT. Total there is 4 BYTES. What range of numbers can a single byte (AKA octet) represent? The format of IPv4 address is known as _____? Dotted decimal notation Ex. 162.98.1.1 True or False: IP addresses belong to networks, not to the devices attached to those networks? IP addresses assigned by Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) are know as ______ IP addresses. In most cases, static IP addresses are reserved for _____ and ______ devices, while dynamic IP addresses are reserved for clients. Data packets at the Ethernet Layer are know as _______? Data packets at the Network Layer (under the Internet Protocol) are known as ______? The 2 primary sections of an IP datagram are the ______ and the ______? The very first field of an IP data gram is ___ bits long and indicates what version of Internet Protocol (IP) is being used. 4. This is the Version field. Ex. IPv4 or IPv6 After the version field in an IP datagram comes the _____ _____ field. Header length This field is 4 bit field just like the Version field that declares how long the entire header is. The 3rd field in an IP datagram is known as the ____ ____? Service type. This field is 8 bits long. The 4th field in an IP datagram is known as the ____ ____ field. Total Length. This field indicates the total length of the IP datagram it is attached to. The 5th field in an IP data gram is known as the _______ field. Identification. This field is 16 bits long and is used to group messages together. This is needed for when IP datagrams are too large and need to be split up or “fragmented”. The receiving end of the datagram knows that every packet with the same value in the Identification field is part of the same transmission. The _____ field is used to indicate if a datagram is allowed to be fragmented, or to indicate that the datagram has already been fragmented. Flag. This is the 6th field in an IP datagram. ______ is the process of taking a single IP datagram and splitting it up into several smaller datagrams. The process of taking a large network and splitting it up into many individual and small subnetworks, or subnets. What IP address class has a range of 0-126 and can have up to 16,777,214 hosts? What IP address class has a range of 192-223 and can support up to 254 hosts? 129.24.1.1 falls into what class of IP addresses? Class B. Supports up to 65,534 hosts. Class B IP addresses have a range of 128-191. Meaning any IP address whose first octet contains those numbers is Class B. Why is 127 skipped when discussing the ranges of IP address classes? 127 is reserved because it is often a loop back address in a system. It is not part of any IP class (A, B, C, etc.) In computer language a 1 represents ____ while a 0 represents ____. What does CIDR stand for? Classless Inter-Domain Routing What is a demarcation point? It describes where one network or system ends and another begins. To “demarcate” means to “set the boundaries or limits of” OR “to separate or distinguish from” How would the IP address 9.100.100.100 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 be written in CIDR notation? 9.100.100.100/24 You’re basically counting the number of BITS that make up the subnet mask and putting them at the end of the IP address. A subnet mask provides you with the ____ and the ____. Name the 4 columns of a routing table. 1. Destination 2. Next hop 3. Total hops 4. Interface Why are the 2 main routing protocol categories? Interior Gateway Protocols & Exterior Gateway Protocols Name the 2 categories of interior gateway protocols. Link state routing protocols & Distance-vector protocols What do you call a collection of networks that all fall under the control of a single network operator? Any router employing ____ protocol (an older standard of interior gateway protocols) sends its routing table to every neighboring router. A _____ is essentially a list of every network known to a router and how far away they are in hops. In computer science a list is known as a ______. A router employing the ______ protocol (new standard of interior gateway protocols) advertises the state of the link of each of it’s interfaces. Link state • This interior gateway protocol requires more memory and processing power yet has still managed to make distance-vector protocol pretty much obsolete. Routers use _____ protocols when they need to share information across different organizations. This non-profit organization helps manage things like IP address allocation & Autonomous System Number allocation. Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) _____ is a number assigned to individual autonomous systems. Autonomous System Number (ASN) The most common link state protocol is _____. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) There is only one exterior gateway protocol in use today: _______. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) A range of IP address that core routers are unable to route traffic to are known as _____. Non-routable address space • Interior gateway protocols are still able to route information (since it stays within your LAN) but exterior protocols are not. The _______ is an open community charged with developing and maintains the standards for the Internet to continue to operate. Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Select examples of routing protocols. Choose all that apply. 1. Border Gateway Protocol Border Gateway Protocol & Routing Information Protocol. TCP & UDP are NOT routing protocols, they are Transport Layer protocols. A subnet ID is calculated via a ____? The ______ layer allows traffic to be directed to specific network applications while the _____ layer allows these applications to communicate in a way they understand. What is a device that knows how do you forward traffic between independent networks?A router connects independent networks by forwarding data between them.
What type of network device is needed to send data off the network?Routers help transmit packets to their destinations by charting a path through the sea of interconnected networking devices using different network topologies. Routers are intelligent devices, and they store information about the networks they're connected to.
What device forwards data and operates at layer three of the TCP IP model?A router operates at layer-3 of the open systems interconnection (OSI) stack and allows several devices to use the same internet connection. It also manages traffic between the computer networks by forwarding data packets to their specified internet protocol (IP) addresses.
What device will allow you to form point to point networking connections?A router is a hardware device that allows you to connect several computers and other devices to a single Internet connection, which is known as a home network.
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A device that knows how to forward traffic between independent networks is known as a _____.
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