Which statement should be included when a student nurse is discussing the action of Interleukin-1

Figure 1.

Effects on cytokine production in vitro. (A) Baseline production by MUM2B and OCM1 cells of cytokines as determined by ELISA. Data represent means for duplicate samples. (B) MUM2B and OCM1 cells were cultured in vitro for 24 hours without and with 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL IL-1 or IL-1ra. Relative cytokine mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Data represent means of two different cultures.

Figure 1.

Effects on cytokine production in vitro. (A) Baseline production by MUM2B and OCM1 cells of cytokines as determined by ELISA. Data represent means for duplicate samples. (B) MUM2B and OCM1 cells were cultured in vitro for 24 hours without and with 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL IL-1 or IL-1ra. Relative cytokine mRNA expression was assessed by qRT-PCR. Data represent means of two different cultures.

Figure 2.

(left) Effects on proliferation in vitro. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were cultured in vitro for 72 hours with 0 to 100 ng/mL IL-1 (■, dashed line), 0 to 100 μg/mL temozolomide (TMZ; ▴, dotted line), or IL-1 and TMZ at these concentrations at a constant ratio (×, solid line) and (right) with IL-1ra (■, dashed line), TMZ (▴, dotted line), or IL-1ra and TMZ at a constant ratio (×, solid line). Proliferation of triplicate samples was assessed with MTS. Dose-effect plots, where the effect is the fractional inhibition of proliferation, are displayed and represent means for two different cultures.

Figure 2.

(left) Effects on proliferation in vitro. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were cultured in vitro for 72 hours with 0 to 100 ng/mL IL-1 (■, dashed line), 0 to 100 μg/mL temozolomide (TMZ; ▴, dotted line), or IL-1 and TMZ at these concentrations at a constant ratio (×, solid line) and (right) with IL-1ra (■, dashed line), TMZ (▴, dotted line), or IL-1ra and TMZ at a constant ratio (×, solid line). Proliferation of triplicate samples was assessed with MTS. Dose-effect plots, where the effect is the fractional inhibition of proliferation, are displayed and represent means for two different cultures.

Figure 3.

Effects on tumor growth in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 1 into mice. Groups of mice were treated with PBS or with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d on days 1 to 7. Data represent mean ± SEM; n = 10 mice per group.

Figure 3.

Effects on tumor growth in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 1 into mice. Groups of mice were treated with PBS or with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d on days 1 to 7. Data represent mean ± SEM; n = 10 mice per group.

Figure 4.

Effects on cellular infiltrate in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 1 into mice. Groups of mice were treated with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d or with PBS on days 6 to 10. Tumors were harvested on day 10. (A) Infiltrating cell phenotypes were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05 MUMB2B PBS versus OCM1 PBS. **P < 0.05 IL-1ra versus PBS. (B) PAS staining of tumors.

Figure 4.

Effects on cellular infiltrate in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 1 into mice. Groups of mice were treated with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d or with PBS on days 6 to 10. Tumors were harvested on day 10. (A) Infiltrating cell phenotypes were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05 MUMB2B PBS versus OCM1 PBS. **P < 0.05 IL-1ra versus PBS. (B) PAS staining of tumors.

Figure 5.

Effects on intratumoral cytokines in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 1 into mice. Groups of mice were treated with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d or with PBS on days 6 to 10. Tumors were harvested on day 10. Human and mouse relative cytokine mRNA levels (RQ) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05, IL-1ra versus PBS.

Figure 5.

Effects on intratumoral cytokines in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 1 into mice. Groups of mice were treated with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d or with PBS on days 6 to 10. Tumors were harvested on day 10. Human and mouse relative cytokine mRNA levels (RQ) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05, IL-1ra versus PBS.

Figure 6.

Effects on myeloid suppressor cell populations in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously into mice. Groups of mice were treated with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d on days on days 13 to 17, and spleens were harvested on day 17. Spleens from age-matched mice not bearing tumors were also harvested (No tumor). (A) Relative intratumoral arginase (Arg), CD206, IL-12(p40) (IL-12), and CXCL10 mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. (B) Splenic CD11b+Gr1+ MDSC frequencies were assessed by flow cytometry. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05, IL-1ra versus PBS.

Figure 6.

Effects on myeloid suppressor cell populations in vivo. MUM2B and OCM1 cells were implanted subcutaneously into mice. Groups of mice were treated with IL-1ra at 1 mg/mouse/d on days on days 13 to 17, and spleens were harvested on day 17. Spleens from age-matched mice not bearing tumors were also harvested (No tumor). (A) Relative intratumoral arginase (Arg), CD206, IL-12(p40) (IL-12), and CXCL10 mRNA levels were assessed by qRT-PCR. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. (B) Splenic CD11b+Gr1+ MDSC frequencies were assessed by flow cytometry. Data represent mean ± SD; n = 4 mice per group. *P < 0.05, IL-1ra versus PBS.