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Cartilage is a smooth, rubber-like padding that protects the long bones in the body at the joints. A study by Lu et. al. in Arthritis Care & Research found that women who drank one glass of milk daily had 32% thicker, healthier cartilage than women who did not. Researchers obtained information on milk consumption through questionnaires and measured cartilage through x-rays. In the article, research concluded, "Our study suggested that
frequent milk intake may be associated with reduced OA progression in women." Does this study show drinking milk causes increased cartilage production? Why or why not?
Choose the correct answer below.
A.
The study is a controlled experiment, because there is no mention of random assignment. No, we cannot conclude causation when there is not random assignment.
B.
The study is a controlled experiment, because there is mention of random assignment.Yes, assuming that the
results are significant, it would be reasonable to conclude causation because there is random assignment.
C.
The study is an observational study, because there is no mention of random assignment. No, we cannot conclude causation when there is not random assignment.
D.
The study is an observational study, because there is mention of random assignment.Yes, assuming that the results are significant, it would be reasonable to conclude causation because there is random
assignment.
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