Which part of the personality is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts?

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

 C 

1. 

Id is to "Just do it" as superego is to

 C 

2. 

The unconscious contains

 B 

3. 

Behavioral theories of personality are often criticized for their

 B 

4. 

The concept of traits is used to account for personal characteristics that are

 C 

5. 

The five-factor model of personality includes

 B 

6. 

A personality theory is a(n)

 B 

7. 

Which of the following is an unconscious personality structure made up of biological urges seeking fulfillment?

 A 

8. 

Criticisms of Freud's developmental theory have centered on

 B 

9. 

One problem psychologists have with personality types is they

 A 

10. 

Freud believed that personality was typified by

 A 

11. 

To understand personality, trait theorists attempt to

 B 

12. 

According to Freud, the energy from life instincts that drives personality is called the

 A 

13. 

According to Freud, the id is governed by the

 B 

14. 

Learning theorists

 D 

15. 

In the Freudian view of personality, which system is totally unconscious and dominated by biological instincts?

 B 

16. 

__________ theory maximized and __________ theory minimized the role of the unconscious.

 A 

17. 

According to Freud, the ego is governed by the

 B 

18. 

The five-factor model of personality includes

 B 

19. 

According to Jung, art, religion, myths, and drama are important to individual functioning because they

 A 

20. 

One of Freud's major contributions was his

 D 

21. 

What do psychologists mean by the term trait-situation interaction?

 D 

22. 

An adjective checklist would most likely be used by a

 D 

23. 

The "amazing similarities" of identical twins may be a result of

 D 

24. 

Psychologists who believe that people grow and develop throughout their lives and that people are inherently good are

 A 

25. 

Connie and Sue are identical twins reared apart and recently reunited. Carl and Fred are unrelated students at a major university. Which of the following statements is TRUE of these pairings?

 D 

26. 

According to the humanists, __________ occurs when people are free from dependence on external authority or on other people.

 A 

27. 

A psychiatrist who explains pathological behavior as a conflict between underlying psychological forces is using the __________ model.

 B 

28. 

According to behaviorists,

 A 

29. 

The part of the mind that is beyond awareness is called the

 B 

30. 

The __________ contains material of which you may be unaware but that can easily be brought to awareness.

 D 

31. 

According to Freud, the key to mental health is

 B 

32. 

If you know the personality of an identical twin, you can expect the personality of the other twin to be

 C 

33. 

The __________ begins with puberty and ends with a mature capacity for love and the realization of full adult sexuality.

 C 

34. 

Which is included as one of the traits Maslow theorized were possessed by self-actualizers?

 C 

35. 

We each have a perception of our own personality traits. This perception strongly influences our behavior. Psychologists call this perception

 B 

36. 

A key element of Carl Rogers' personality theory is the concept of

 D 

37. 

According to Freud, the Oedipal and Electra conflicts end when a child takes on the values and behaviors of the same sex parent in a process called

 C 

38. 

Between the ages of 1 and 3 years, the child is said to go through the __________ stage.

 C 

39. 

The position that personality is composed of learned patterns is held by

 A 

40. 

Which theory of personality was developed by Sigmund Freud?

 A 

41. 

Freud became interested in the study of personality when he realized that

 C 

42. 

Jung believed that there are basic universal concepts in all people regardless of culture called

 D 

43. 

The description of a person's character implies

 C 

44. 

The main criticism of humanistic theory is that

 D 

45. 

If self-esteem is too high, the person may be

 B 

46. 

Behaviorists are to the external environment as humanists are to

 C 

47. 

Freud believed that at each psychosexual stage a different part of the body becomes

 C 

48. 

Self-actualization refers to

 D 

49. 

The term personality refers to

 B 

50. 

__________ theories stress private, subjective experience and personal growth.

 A 

51. 

During the first year of life, the child is said to go through the __________ stage.

 B 

52. 

Critics of psychoanalytic personality theory note its failure to

 C 

53. 

Learning sex-appropriate behavior is greatly influenced by

 D 

54. 

Which of the following is POOR advice for a person who wishes to promote self-actualization?

 D 

55. 

If you were asked to describe the personality of your best friend, and you said she was optimistic, reserved, and friendly, you would be using the __________ approach.

 D 

56. 

The halo effect refers to

 D 

57. 

According to Rogers, the __________ self represents a very idealized self-image.

 B 

58. 

In Freudian theory, the __________ is the "executive" structure that is directed by the reality principle.

 C 

59. 

According to Freud, the Oedipus and Electra conflicts occur during the

 D 

60. 

Characteristics that are shared by most members of a culture are termed

 A 

61. 

The role "possible selves" play in our lives is to

 D 

62. 

In Adler's view, the main striving of personality is for

 C 

63. 

An overly strict or harsh superego will cause

 C 

64. 

Concerning pure extroversion and pure introversion, it is most accurate to say

 D 

65. 

Classifying people as having either a Type A or Type B personality has been used to predict

 C 

66. 

Rogers calls the image of the person you would like to be the

 C 

67. 

Which personality theories attempt to explain behavior by focusing on the inner workings of the personality including internal conflicts?

 D 

68. 

Delaying action until it is appropriate describes the ego's use of the

 A 

69. 

The psychological situation, expectancy, and reinforcement value are important concepts in

 A 

70. 

__________ theorists believe humans have free will.

 C 

71. 

In psychoanalytic theory, conscious control is experienced by the

 A 

72. 

Temperament refers to

 D 

73. 

Abraham Maslow developed the concept of self-actualization by initially studying

 A 

74. 

Freud called an unresolved conflict caused by over-indulgence or frustration a(n)

 D 

75. 

The messy and disorderly person is described by Freud as being

 A 

76. 

__________ traits are personality traits the comprise a person's unique individual qualities.

 B 

77. 

Which personality theorist strongly rejected Sigmund Freud's claim that males are dominant or superior to females?

 B 

78. 

For Freud, the time during which psychosexual development is interrupted is called the

 D 

79. 

At what age does personality become quite stable?

 B 

80. 

Suppose the ego were a hungry person in a crowded cafeteria. The ego would most likely

 B 

81. 

Which of the following is the correct ordering of Freud's psychosexual stages?

 C 

82. 

The popularity of politicians who are physically attractive may be a consequence of the

 D 

83. 

Which of the following could account for a major personality change in middle adulthood?

 C 

84. 

According to Jung, a mental storehouse for unconscious ideas and images shared by all humans is

 A 

85. 

A defining characteristic of traits is that they are