Which of the following is the conversion of the sender’s ideas and thoughts into a message?

Latest Process of Communication MCQ Objective Questions

Process of Communication MCQ Question 1:

Identify the sequence of human communication skills.

A. Public speaking

B. Group interaction

C. Relationship

D. Feed forward

E. Self - presentation

Choose the correct answer from the options given below 

1. B, D, E, C, A
2. A, C, D, B, E
3. C, E, A, D, B
4. E, C, B, A, D

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : E, C, B, A, D

The tasks that make up good public performance eventually include communication skills. Today, communication is crucial in both the professional sector and daily life.

•  Effective communication aids in our understanding of others and our environment.
• It aids in overcoming differences, fostering mutual respect and trust, and establishing favorable circumstances for exchanging original concepts and resolving issues.

The sequence of effective communication skills is as follows;

Self - presentation > Relationship > Group interaction > Public speaking >​ Feedforward

1. ​Self-Presentation refers to how people attempt to present themselves to control or shape how others (called the audience) view them.
2. Relationship- After expressing yourself through the presentation, the person establishes the relationship and tries to make good relations.   
3. Group interaction- refers to the dynamics of the team and the way individuals in the group interact with one another.
4. Public speaking is a soft skill that requires excellent communication skills, enthusiasm, and the ability to engage with an audience. Soft skills are interpersonal skills that are less technical and more about how you interact with others.
5. Feedforward- An element or passage within a control system that transmits a controlling signal from a source to a load somewhere else in its external environment is called a feed-forward (often spelled feedforward).

Hence, the correct sequence is E, C, B, A, D.

Process of Communication MCQ Question 2:

Why do we communicate?

(A) For social interaction.

(B) For happiness sake.

(C) For messages to be understood.

(D) For sharing of experience.

(E) For protection of traditions.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1. (A), (C), (E) only
2. (B), (C), (D) only
3. (A), (C), (D) only
4. (A), (B), (E) only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : (A), (C), (D) only

Communication in the form of interaction that takes place through symbols. The symbols may be gestural, pictural, plastic, verbal, or any other which operate as stimuli to behavior that would be evoked by the symbol itself in the special conditions of the persons who respond.

We communicate to fulfill the following actions-

• We communicate to persuade.
• For messages to be understood.
• For sharing of experience.
• For social interaction.
• We communicate in order to give or provide information.
• We communicate to express our emotions like courage or fear, joy or sorrow, satisfaction or disappointment with appropriate gestures and words.
• We communicate seeking information.

Therefore, the correct answer is (A), (C), and (D) only.

Process of Communication MCQ Question 3:

In communication, connotative words have 

1. Literal meaning 
2. Cultural meaning 
3. Common meaning 
4. Clear meaning 

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Cultural meaning 

The correct answer is Cultural meaning 

Connotation

• It refers to a meaning suggested or implied by the use of a particular word, beyond its literal (denotative), common or clear meaning.
• Connotation impacts how readers perceive the overall meaning of what a writer or speaker is trying to communicate. 
• For example, blue is a color, but it is also a word used to describe a feeling of sadness, as in: “She's feeling blue.”
• Cultural connotations:
  • Different cultures give words specific and particular signs, symbols, and cultural connotations. Only in a certain cultural environment can the word be correctly understood and furthermore the communication be successful.​

• There are two kinds of barriers that occur with communication. 
• Denotative barriers are those that are based on the actual meaning of words, while connotative barriers are those based on the associations people have with words.

Process of Communication MCQ Question 4:

The transmission of the receiver’s reaction back to the sender is known as

1. noise.
2. feedback.
3. medium.
4. source.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : feedback.

Communication involves the exchange of information, ideas, and attitudes between sources and receivers. Several elements go to make up this process: Source, Message, Channel, Receiver, Noise, Feedback. 

Process of Communication

• The first step the sender is faced with involves the encoding process (means translating information into a message in the form of symbols that represent ideas or concepts).
• When encoding a message, the sender has to begin by deciding what he/she wants to transmit. A good way for the sender to improve encoding their message is to mentally visualize the communication from the receiver's point of view.
• To begin transmitting the message, the sender uses some kind of channel (also called a medium). The channel is the means used to convey the message.
• While selecting the appropriate channel, senders need to keep in mind that selecting an appropriate channel will greatly assist in the effectiveness of the receiver's understanding.
• After the appropriate channel is selected, the message enters the decoding stage of the communication process.
• Decoding is conducted by the receiver. The receiver is the individual or individuals to whom the message is directed. And give the feedback to the sender.

Hence, we can conclude that the transmission of receiver’s reaction back to the sender is known as Feedback.

Process of Communication MCQ Question 5:

According to Robbins et al, the sequence of communication functions is :

A. Control

B. Motivation

C. Emotional expression

D. Information

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1. B, C, D, A
2. D, A, C, B
3. C, D, B, A
4. A, B, C, D

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : A, B, C, D

Communication is defined as the imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium and successful conveying or sharing ideas and feelings.

• Communication plays a critical role in any organization.
• Organizational communication can be defined as the process through which organizations are formed and, as a result, events are formed and shaped.

• To achieve a shared understanding of the information it is necessary to communicate inside the organization.

• Langton, N., Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. in their work, Fundamentals of organizational behavior, articulated the functions of communication as: 
  • ​Control: Communication influences member behavior in a variety of ways.
  • Motivation: Communication provides the motivation for getting things done.
  • Emotional expression: It provides an opportunity for an employee to express their emotions. 
  • Information: It transmits data to find and analyze different options, giving individuals and groups the information they need to make decisions.​

​​Thus, According to Robbins et al, the sequence of communication functions is control, motivation, emotionalexpression, and information.

Top Process of Communication MCQ Objective Questions

In the communication process, when the sender and the receiver interchange their roles in respect of sending and receiving the message, it is called

1. Universal model.
2. Transactional model.
3. Singular-flow model.
4. Pluralistic model.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Transactional model.

In the communication process, when the sender and the receiver interchange their roles with respect to sending and receiving the message, it is called the Transactional model.

Therefore, option 2 is the correct answer.

In the process of communication 'Encoding' means

1. using symbols to express an idea.
2. deciphering a message.
3. creating noise in the communication.
4. interpreting the meaning of the message.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : using symbols to express an idea.

Communication is defined as the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. It is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to another. The communication process is made up of four key components. Those components include encoding, the medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback, along with the sender and the receiver.

Process of Communication

Encoding means converting the idea into words or gestures that will convey meaning. It consists in changing the information into some form of logical and coded message.

The encoding process is based on the purpose of communication and the relation between the sender and the receiver. In a formal situation, encoding involves:

1. selecting a language;
2. selecting a medium of communication; and
3. selecting an appropriate communication form.

Therefore, In the process of communication 'Encoding' means using symbols to express an idea.

1. Deciphering a message itself means Interpreting the meaning of the message: In the communication process, the decoding of a message is how an audience member is able to understand and interpret the message. It is a process of interpretation and translation of coded information into a comprehensible form.
2. In any communication system, during the transmission of the signal, or while receiving the signal, some unwanted signal gets introduced into the communication, making it unpleasant for the receiver, questioning the quality of the communication. Such a disturbance is called Noise. 

Which of the following is not the element of communication process?

1. Feedback
2. Reinforcement
3. Medium
4. Interaction

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Reinforcement

Communication: Communication is the act of transmitting information, ideas and attitudes from one person to another person. It is a two-way process.

Elements of Communication Process:

• Communicator/Sender: Sender is a person who speaks out or sends or transmits or communicates message. It is the first starter of the communication process.
• Communicatee/Receiver: The receiver is directed audience of the message. He gets the message interprets and tries to the total meaning of the message as transmitted by the sender.
• Message: Message is information. It may be spoken or written. It is to be sent from one person to another. The information, orders, observations, report that communicated.
• Medium of Communication/Channel: Channel is the vehicle or medium of conveying message to the receiver. It may be written, oral, audiovisual or live projections. The written medium can be in forms of letters, memos, reports, manuals, etc.
• Reaction/Interaction: The receiver has to extract the meaning from the symbols sent by the sender and understand completely what he/she needs.
• Feedback: It is the process in which the receiver and the sender are ensuring that they understood each other correctly and they are proceeding to find a solution.

In communication, under which part of the process does 'expressing the words' fall?

1. Sender
2. Message
3. Channel
4. Receiver

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Sender

Communication

Etymologically the word "communication" comes from the Latin word 'communis', meaning common. When we communicate we are trying to establish 'commonness' with someone. It is a two-way process. It is more than just messaging or swapping information. It involves not just words, but the use of all our senses. With face-to-face dialogue, our facial expression, tone, body language, ability to listen with patience, all contribute to the conveying of messages and information between people.  

Communication Process

Sender 

• The sender or source may be an individual (speaking, writing, drawing, gesturing), or a communication organization (newspaper, publishing house, television station, or a motion picture studio). The sender express or organizes his message into a series of symbols – either written words or spoken words or gestures or any other symbolic act or a combination of these modes. This is termed as the encoding of the message.
• The sender may use oral, written, graphic signs, or symbols to convey the message. The communication skills, attitudes, and convictions, the knowledge of the content, objectives, the socio-cultural milieu, etc. of the sender have an impact on the effectiveness of communication. 

Message

• Messages are made of signs or symbols and codes that are signals, which represent something. Messages may be in the form of ink on paper, sound waves in the air, impulses in an electric current, a wave of the hand, a flag in the air, or any other signal capable of being interpreted meaningfully.
• Messages are encoded and those who receive them must decode them to interpret or understand the meaning of the message. The message constitutes the core of the communication process. 

Channel

• Channel refers to the means employed to transmit or receive a message. It refers to the five senses: seeing, touch, hearing, smell, and taste. A message is received through any of the modes of sensory perception. 
•  A message may be seen through print or visual media. It can be heard through a sound media or voice (audio), speech, musical instruments. 
• Channel also includes mechanical devices like telephone, mobiles, e-mails, voicemails, etc. For communication to be effective and efficient, the channel must be appropriate for the message. The needs and requirements of the receiver must also be considered in selecting a channel.

Receiver 

• The receiver also called a destination, maybe an individual or a group, a crowd, or a mob, reading, listening, or watching. The receiver is the object in the communication process.
• The sender must constantly keep the needs, aspirations, knowledge, socio-cultural milieu, and background of the receiver if the message is to have the desired objective.
• The receiver interprets the message and translates it into meaningful information in the decoding process.

Hence, we conclude that In communication, under Sender 'expressing the words' fall

When communication for educational purpose takes place, the sequence of elements is 

A. Source

B. Encoder

C. Decoder

D. Feedback
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. A, B, C, D 
2. B, C, D, A
3. C, D, A, B
4. D, B, A, C

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : A, B, C, D 

Communication is a cyclic process of transmitting or exchanging information or message through a medium from one entity to another. It

Elements of the communication process make communication successful and an effective one. 

Elements of the communication process: 

• Sender: Sender means that person conveys his thoughts or ideas to the receiver. He represents a source of communication.
• Message: Message is the content of ideas, feelings, suggestions, order, etc., intended to be communicated.
• Encoding: Encoding is the process of converting the message into communication symbols such as words, pictures, gestures, etc.
• Media: Media is the path through which an encoded message is transmitted to the receiver. This channel may be in written form, face to face, phone call, Internet, etc.
• Decoding: Decoding is the process of converting encoded symbols of the sender.
• Receiver: He is the person who receives communication from the sender.
• Feedback: Feedback includes all those actions of the receiver indicating that he has received and understood the message of the sender.
• Noise: This means some obstruction or hindrance to communication. This hindrance may be caused to the sender, message, or receiver. 

Hence, it could be concluded that option 1 is the correct answer.

In the process of two-way communication, 'sender' is at one end while ______ is at the other end.

1. Message
2. Source
3. Channel
4. Receiver

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Receiver

Communication Process

In the communication process, it starts with the sender (Encoder) and ends with the receiver (Decoder). In between the sender and receiver, there is the message (oral or written) and channel/source (audio or visual).

Sender 

• The sender or source may be an individual (speaking, writing, drawing, gesturing), or a communication organization (newspaper, publishing house, television station, or a motion picture studio). The sender express or organizes his message into a series of symbols – either written words or spoken words or gestures or any other symbolic act or a combination of these modes. This is termed as the encoding of the message.
• The sender may use oral, written, graphic signs, or symbols to convey the message. The communication skills, attitudes, and convictions, the knowledge of the content, objectives, the socio-cultural milieu, etc. of the sender have an impact on the effectiveness of communication. 

Message

• Messages are made of signs or symbols and codes that are signals, which represent something. Messages may be in the form of ink on paper, sound waves in the air, impulses in an electric current, a wave of the hand, a flag in the air, or any other signal capable of being interpreted meaningfully.
• Messages are encoded and those who receive them must decode them to interpret or understand the meaning of the message. The message constitutes the core of the communication process. 

Channel

• Channel refers to the means employed to transmit or receive a message. It refers to the five senses: seeing, touch, hearing, smell, and taste. A message is received through any of the modes of sensory perception. 
•  A message may be seen through print or visual media. It can be heard through a sound media or voice (audio), speech, musical instruments. 
• Channel also includes mechanical devices like telephone, mobiles, e-mails, voicemails, etc. For communication to be effective and efficient, the channel must be appropriate for the message. The needs and requirements of the receiver must also be considered in selecting a channel.

Receiver 

• The receiver also called a destination, maybe an individual or a group, a crowd, or a mob, reading, listening, or watching. The receiver is the object in the communication process.
• The sender must constantly keep the needs, aspirations, knowledge, socio-cultural milieu, and background of the receiver if the message is to have the desired objective.
• The receiver interprets the message and translates it into meaningful information in the decoding process.

Hence, we conclude that In the process of two-way communication, 'sender' is at one end while the receiver is at the other end.

Find out the correct sequence of selectivity stages in mass communication?

(A) Exposure

(B) Retention

(C) Attitudinal change

(D) Perception

(E) Attention

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

1. (A), (B), (C), (E), (D)
2. (B), (C), (D), (E), (A)
3. (C), (E), (D), (A), (B)
4. (A), (E), (D), (B), (C)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : (A), (E), (D), (B), (C)

The term ‘Communication’ is derived from the Latin “Communis”, which means - ‘to make common’, ‘to share’ or ‘to transmit’. Communication is a two-way process in which participants not only exchange ideas and information but also share mutual understanding. It can be broadly divided into four types based on the size of a social group.

Mass Communication:

• In mass communication, have a large number of audiences that are diverse and they are all can’t be grouped in one place so we need a certain tool or technology for the communication process.
• It is a single source for transmitting the information.
• But in mass communication, there is no direct access to the receiver.
• So, for that, they need media like newspapers, radio, television, and the internet.
• Here the audience feedback is very less or delayed.

Mass media constitute two things

• Media technology: the techniques, skills, or methods used as a tool or outlet for communication 
• Mass communication: imparting or exchanging information to large segments of the population
• The stages in mass communication
  •  Exposure
  • Attention
  • Perception
  • Retention
  • Attitudinal change 

What are the three basic units of electronic communication systems?

1. Transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver.
2. Modulator, demodulator, and repeater.
3. Transmitter, noise, and information.
4. Transmitter, signal, and modulator.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver.

The correct answer is a transmitter, transmission channel, and receiver.

• According to Louis Allen "Communication is the sum of all the things the person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another. It is a bridge of measuring and involves a systematic and continuous process of telling, listening, and understanding."
• Electronic communication is the transmission, reception, and processing of information between two or more places with the utilization of electronic circuits.
• There are three basic units of electronic communication system:
  • The transmitter converts the message signal made by the source of information into a form acceptable for transmission.
  • The transmission channel is the way a message travels between source and receiver.
  • The receiver is the person who receives the message from the sender or source.

Identify the correct sequence of phases in communication development:

A. Acta Diurna

B. Cave paintings

C. Wooden blocks for printing

D. Development of languages

E. Metal printing

Choose the correct answer from the option given below:

1. A, B, D, C, E
2. B, D, C, A, E
3. C, D, E, A, B
4. D, E, A, B, C

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : B, D, C, A, E

The chronological sequence in the development of the communication system are as follows:

The theories suggest that language first evolved around 50,000–150,000 years ago, which is around the time when modern Homo sapiens evolved.

• Cave art or paintings were the earliest forms of communication dating back to the ice age; studies suggest language first evolved around 50000-150000 years ago, which is around the time when modern homo sapiens evolved and the oldest scriptures of surviving languages like Hebrew and Tamil date back to 10th century BCE.
• Development of languages- Communication first started in 3500 BC when the Phoenicians developed an alphabet, but communication was developed very slowly. The civilization of Phoenicia. Phoenicia became one of the most widely used writing systems that spread all over the Mediterranean where many cultures used it.
• Wooden block printings were first done on cloth in china around 220 AD. The way that blocks printing works is very simple. Carvers (at the time, they were known as printers) would engrave the text or image on a block of wood in a raised form so that the part that they wanted to be black when they printed it was sticking out. They would then apply ink to the raised letters and stamp it on paper.
• People were forced to pursue this invention when in 593 c.e Sui Emperor Wen-ti ordered the printing of Buddhist texts and images.
• A new block had to be carved for each page, but the good part was that they were reusable. There were many important texts that were made using the woodblock printing, including the Diamond Sutra, important Buddhist text that was made in 868 during the T'ang Dynasty. 
• Acta Diurna was the first newspaper published in Rome around 59 BC. The origin of the Acta is attributed to Julius Caesar, who first ordered the keeping and publishing of the acts of the people by public officers. The Acta were drawn up from day to day and exposed in a public place on a whitened board called an Album. After remaining there for a reasonable time they were taken down and preserved with other public documents so that they might be available for purposes of research.
• Metal printing or 3D printing began in 1981 in Japan.

Which type of communication is followed by video conferencing?

1. Visual one way
2. Audio-visual one way
3. Visual two way
4. Audio-visual two way

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Audio-visual two way

The correct answer is Audio-visual two-way.

• Video Conference 
  • Video Conferencing is a type of online meeting where two or more people engage in a live audio-visual call. 
  • In business, people typically use video conferencing to communicate and collaborate within and outside an organization.
  • Videoconferencing has also been called "Visual collaboration" and is a type of groupware.
  • The advantage of video conferencing is the ability to facilitate all of those benefits without requiring constant travel for face-to-face communication.
• Audio-visual two way
  • Two or more people communicate through audio and video.
  • Some of the most common examples of two-way communication systems are the radio, telephones, and computer-aided dispatch systems used by police, fire, and emergency response personnel.

• One way communication
  • In one-way communication, a sender delivers a message to a receiver, but nothing flows back to the sender.
  • The sender can use one-way communication to inform, entertain, persuade or command the audience.
  • Examples: television, radio, writings, speeches, and performances.

Identifying the sequence of stages of message processing
(A) Action
(B)  Internalisation
(C) Selection
(D) Understanding
(E) Perception
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :

1. (A), (B), (D), (E), (C)

2.  (B), (C), (A), (D), (E)

3. (D). (E). (B). (A). (C)
4. (E), (D), (C), (B), (A)

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : (E), (D), (C), (B), (A)

Message production is fundamental to communication whether the message being produced is verbal, nonverbal, or both and regardless of the particular context within which communication takes place. Communicators must transmute their thinking into speech, writing, or some nonverbal medium of expression.

The sequence of stages of message processing:

1. Perception: Perception is a process consisting of three parts that we use to make sense of messages we encounter. We select, organize, and interpret stimuli so that they make sense to us. 
2. Understanding: Every receiver who enters into the Communication Process brings with them their own ideas and feelings that influence their understanding of your message, and their response to it. That means it's the job, as the sender, to take these ideas and feelings into consideration when drawing up the message.
3. Selection: The next step in message processing is to select the appropriate messages in accordance with priority and then responding to them. There are various queries put in a sequence in a queue. However, appropriate messages need to be selected on a particular basis for the purpose of clearly indicating the response.
4. Internalization:  This process is an important step in message processing. It basically includes decrypting the coded messages. In this message processing as messages need to be understood by the receiver in order to understand the request and respond accordingly. 
5. Action: This is the final stage in the message processing. Taking action is important from the point of view of completing the questions posted by the clients and then answering them.

Therefore, option 4 is the correct answer.

Identify the correct sequence of one way process of communication, from the following sequences

1. Sender, Decoding, Message, Channel, Encoding, Receiver
2. Sender, Encoding, Message, Channel, Decoding, Receiver
3. Receiver, Encoding, Message, Channel, Decoding, Sender
4. Sender, Message, Decoding, Encoding, Channel, Receiver

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : Sender, Encoding, Message, Channel, Decoding, Receiver

Communication is a process between at least two people that begins when one person wants to communicate with another (Adler and Towne). Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit.

The One-way Process of Communication/Linear Model:

NOTE:

Two-way communication includes one more element, known as the feedback, it refers to the response to the initial message sent and enables the sender to check whether the message received has been properly understood by the receiver.

Hence, the correct sequence of the one-way process of communication is Sender, Encoding, Message, Channel, Decoding, and Receiver.

Identify the correct sequence for successful communication.

1. Sender → Encode message → Channel → Decode message → Audience → Feedback
2. Sender → Encode message → Decode message → Channel → Audience → Feedback
3. Sender → Encode message → Audience → Channel → Decode message → Feedback
4. Sender → Encode message → Channel → Decode message → Feedback → Audience

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Sender → Encode message → Channel → Decode message → Audience → Feedback

The word communication has been derived from the Latin word “communis”, which means common.  Communication, therefore, refers to the sharing of ideas, facts, opinions, information, and understanding.  It is the transfer or transmission of some information and understanding from one person to another

• SENDER- The source/sender is the originator of the idea of the message, it may also be known as the sender who may be individual or a group. The source conceives the idea, prepares the messages selects the channel, and decides about the receiver. 
• ENCODING- In this step, messages are composed of symbols having a certain meaning for sender and receiver. Encoding is thus a translation of an already conceived idea by the sender into a message appropriate for transmission. The encoding includes the selection of mode of communication and the wording of the message. 
• MESSAGE- It refers to the stimulus that the source transmits to the receiver. Messages are composed of symbols having a certain meaning to the source and the receiver. 
• CHANNEL-The channel is the means through which the message travels from the source to the receiver. The channel may be mass media such as newspapers, radio, tv, etc, or interpersonal such as telephone, correspondence, etc. Selection of the channel depends upon the message to be conveyed, availability of the channel, cost of the channel, effectiveness of the channel, etc. 
• DECODING-Decoding is the reverse of encoding. It means translation of symbols etc, encoded by the sender into an idea for understanding. The receiver decodes the message by changing the symbols into meaning. Understanding the message sent by the sender is the key to the decoding process. If the receiver could not decode the message to make it understandable, misunderstands it, or pretends to misunderstand it whereas he understands it well, the communication is rendered ineffective. This happens because of the perceptual difference between sender and receiver. 
• RECEIVER/AUDIENCE - The next step is the receiving of the message by the receiver. The receiver must pay due attention to the message he receives. Any negligence on the part of the receiver may make the communication ineffective and the message is lost. Thus the receiver should be a good listener in the case of an oral message, however listening alone is not sufficient, he should also be willing to understand the message. 
• FEEDBACK-Feedback refers to any response the receiver offers to the message, this could be communication or behavior.

When a respondent is aware of being measured then its effect on his behaviour is identified as

1. self - consciousness.
2. reactivity.
3. artificiality.
4. identity effect.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 2 : reactivity.

When individuals alter their performance or behavior due to the awareness that they are being observed or measured such a phenomenon is known as Reactivity.

• The degree of change may be negative or positive.
• It is considered a threat to the external validity of the research study. 
• Blind experiment designs are used in research to eliminate or reduce such effects on the study.

• External Validity - It occurs when the causal relationship between the variables can be generalizability to other situations, places and time.

Several threats to external validity are:

• Selection bias 
• History 
• Experimenter effect 
• Hawthorne effect 
• Testing effect 
• Aptitude-treatment 
• Situation effect​

Characteristics of mass media communication are a large number of audiences, heterogeneous audiences, scattered audiences, and ________

1. illiterate audiences.
2. noise disturbance.
3. absence of direct feedback.
4.  powerful media.

   duplicate options found. English Question 1 options 3,4

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : absence of direct feedback.

The English word 'communication' has been derived from the Latin word, 'Communicare' which means to impart or participate or to transmit. The word 'Communicare' is derived from the root 'Communis' which means to make common or to share.

Allen Lui (Louis) defines communication as ― "Communication is the sum of all the things one person does when he wants to create understanding in the mind of another. It is a bridge of meaning. It involves a systematic process of telling, listening, understanding and responding."

Characteristics of mass media communication are a large number of audiences, heterogeneous audiences, scattered audiences, and absence of direct feedback.

• Mass communication is a process of transmitting messages to a large number of scattered audiences. Through mass communication, information can be transmitted quickly to a large number of people who generally stay far away from the sources of information. Mass communication is done through radio, television, newspaper, magazine, leaflets, etc. 
• According to Emery and others, "Mass communication is a process of sending a message, thought and attitude through some media at a time to a large number of heterogeneous audiences."
• In mass communication, there is no direct feedback from the receivers. It is mainly because the receivers of mass communication are far away from the source of information. For this, mass communication is regarded as mostly a one-way communication process. However, in some cases, the reactions of audiences can be known for their subsequent behaviors.

Thus, option 3 is the correct answer.

Select the advantage of feedback in the process of communication from the following.

1. It is beneficial in understanding of the subject matter.
2. It diagnoses the defects in receiver.
3. It clarifies the communication.
4. It explores the defects in receiver.

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 3 : It clarifies the communication.

​Communication is defined as the process of passing information and understanding from one person to another. In other words, Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group to another.

Process of Communication  

• Feedback is important in two-way communication.
• It completes two-way communications and ensures a basis of understanding regarding the successful delivery of a message. 
• Some of the advantages are:
  • It clarifies the communication that the message is rightly sent and is understood in the same manner in which it was intended to be delivered.
  • Feedback gives input to the sender regarding the message provided by him.
  • Feedback helps to understand the view and opinion of the receiver.

So, the advantage of feedback in the process of communication is that it clarifies the communication, and also provides a scope to express an opinion.

Which of the following are true of the communication process?

A. It is purposeful

B. Every communication is punctuated

C. It involves choices

D. Sent messages can be uncommunicated 

E. Communication does not have the power dimension 

Choose the correct answer from the options given below

1. A, B and C only
2. B, C and D only
3. C, D and E only
4. A, C and E only

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : A, B and C only

The root of the word “communication” in Latin is communicare, which means to share or to make common. Communication is defined as the process of understanding and sharing meaning.

• At the center of our study of communication is the relationship that involves interaction between participants.
• This definition serves us well with its emphasis on the process, which we’ll examine in depth across this text, of coming to understand and share another’s point of view effectively.

• Communication is the sending and receiving of information and can be one-on-one or between groups of people, and can be face-to-face or through communication devices.
• Communication requires a sender, the person who initiates communication, to transfer their thoughts or encode a message.
•  This message is sent to the receiver, a person who receives the message, and finally, the receiver must decode, or interpret the message. This sounds simple enough but is more complicated.

•  It is purposeful. Every communication is punctuated.

• It involves choices.

​Hence A, B, and C only are correct.

If the action desired in the message is satisfactorily performed or the information is faithfully received, it is said that,

1. Communication loop has been closed
2. Communication has just begun
3. Communication is successful
4. Communication process is smooth

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Communication loop has been closed

The correct answer is 

Effective communication leads to understanding. The communication process is made up of four key components. Those components include encoding, medium of transmission, decoding, and feedback. 

The Communication Loop.

• Step 1: The Sender Encodes the Message
  • The Sender encodes when she takes the idea she wants to communicate and puts that idea into words, gestures, or symbols that can be understood by her Receiver. ​
• Step 2: The Sender Chooses the Channel.
  • in this, the Sender chooses the channel.
  • The “channel” refers to the method used to send the message: verbal, email, telephone, text etc.
• Step 3: The Receiver Decodes the Message
  • After receiving the encoded message through a certain channel, the receiver decodes the message. ​
• Step 4: The Receiver Provides Feedback
  • Finally, when the Receiver decodes the message, he must send feedback to the Sender. Feedback lets the Sender know whether the message received was the one they intended to send. ​
• Step 5: Closing of the communication loop channel:
  • It is the process of acknowledging the receipt of information and clarifying with the sender of the communicated message that the information received is the same as the original, intended information.
  • In essence, it is the process of confirming and cross-checking information for accuracy.

Given below are two statements:

Statement I: Society plays a key part in the shaping of communication process.

Statement II: Communication is concerned with the production, distribution and formation of public knowledge in society.

In the light of the above statements, choose the mot appropriate answer from the options given below:

1. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct
2. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect
3. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect
4. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

communication is the transmission of information from one place, person, or group to another. Every communication involves (at least) one sender, a message, and a recipient.

• Communication plays a vital role in human life and human society.
• It not only helps to facilitate the process of sharing information and knowledge with others but also helps people to develop relationships with others.
• Therefore, the importance of communication cannot be underestimated.

Hence statement I is correct

Statement II: Communication is concerned with the production, distribution, and formation of public knowledge in society.

• Communication enables the spread and reiteration of culture.
• It propagates the values and schemas of a culture through the repeated interaction and exchange enabled by the communications process.
• It leads production, distribution, and formation of public knowledge in society.

Hence statement II is correct

Therefore we can conclude that Both Statement I and Statement II are correct

Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below: 

1. A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I 
2. A - I, B - II, C - III, D - IV
3. A - III, B - IV, C - I, D - II
4. A - IV, B - I, C - II, D - III

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 1 : A - II, B - III, C - IV, D - I 

The act of giving, receiving, and sharing information is known as communication.

Therefore, A-II, B - III, C - IV, and D - I  are correct matching. 

Which of the following statements is a difference between interpersonal communication and mass communication?

What do you call the process of exchanging messages between a sender and a receiver?

Is the process by which meanings are exchanged or shared through a common set of symbols?

What is the term for communication by marketers that inform persuade and remind potential buyers of a product in order to influence an opinion or elicit a response?