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The Journal of Economic History Vol. 70, No. 4 (DECEMBER 2010) , pp. 871-897 (27 pages) Published By: Cambridge University Press https://www.jstor.org/stable/40984781 This is a preview. Log in to get access Abstract The Great Depression was marked by a severe outbreak of protectionist trade policies. But contrary to the presumption that all countries scrambled to raise trade barriers, there was substantial cross-country variation in the movement to protectionism. Specifically, countries that remained on the gold standard resorted to tariffs, import quotas, and exchange controls to a greater extent than countries that went off gold. Just as the gold standard constraint on monetary policy is critical to understanding macroeconomic developments in this period, exchange rate policies help explain changes in trade policy. Journal Information The Journal of Economic History is devoted to the multidisciplinary study of history and economics, and is of interest not only to economic historians but to social and demographic historians, as well as economists in general. The journal has broad coverage, in terms of both methodology and geographic scope. Topics covered include money and banking, trade, manufacturing, technology, transportation, industrial organisation, labour, agriculture, servitude, demography, education, economic growth, and the role of government and regulation. In addition, an extensive book review section keeps readers informed about the latest work in economic history and related fields. Instructions for Contributors at Cambridge Journals Online Publisher Information Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the world’s leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes. Cambridge University Press is committed by its charter to disseminate knowledge as widely as possible across the globe. It publishes over 2,500 books a year for distribution in more than 200 countries. Cambridge Journals publishes over 250 peer-reviewed academic journals across a wide range of subject areas, in print and online. Many of these journals are the leading academic publications in their fields and together they form one of the most valuable and comprehensive bodies of research available today. For more information, visit http://journals.cambridge.org. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The EU stands firm against unfair trade practices through trade defence instruments (TDIs). This is necessary to uphold the EU's commitment to open markets and free trade. Free trade must be fair. If this is not the case, the EU restores fairness and a level playing field. In doing so, the EU makes sure that procedures are followed rigorously and takes all EU interests into account. The role of trade defenceOpen trade can grow businesses and create jobs but fair competition must be maintained between domestic and foreign producers. The EU’s use of trade defence instruments is based on World Trade Organization rules. The EU uses these instruments and applies a number of extra conditions to the WTO rules to make sure their use is measured. A quick tour of the different Trade Defence Instruments to tackle unfair trade. EU
protects: How EU trade investigators protected jobs against unfair competition EU trade defence policyThe European Commission monitors the application of trade defence instruments, ensures measured are enforced and negotiates future rules with international partners.
Improved trade defence instrumentsThe EU has improved its trade defence instruments (TDIs) to make sure they become more effective while reflecting EU values.
Actions against imports into the EUThe European Commission is responsible for investigating allegations of dumped and subsidised imports from third countries into the EU that may be harming EU producers.
Actions against exports from the EUThe EU is sometimes the subject of trade defence investigations initiated in non-EU countries. The EU monitors trade defence investigations in other countries around the world and guides EU producers affected by such investigations.
List of cases taken against EU countries More on trade defenceAnnual Reports on EU trade defence actions The World Trade Organization sets the global framework for anti-dumping and anti-subsidy rules.
Personal data protectionThe processing of personal data by the EU institutions and bodies is covered
by Decision (EU) 2018/1996 restricts certain rights of individuals in trade defence investigations. The TDI privacy statement gives you more information. The privacy statement relating to the implementation of the bicycle parts exemption scheme gives you more information. What are the 3 restrictions of trade?The major obstacles to international trade are natural barriers, tariff barriers, and nontariff barriers.
What are some ways that governments restrict trade?Governments three primary means to restrict trade: quota systems; tariffs; and subsidies. A quota system imposes restrictions on the specific number of goods imported into a country.
What are the 5 types of trade restrictions or barriers?The main types of trade barriers used by countries seeking a protectionist policy or as a form of retaliatory trade barriers are subsidies, standardization, tariffs, quotas, and licenses.
What are the four trade restrictions?Countries have four types of trade barriers they can implement. These four main types of trade barriers include subsidies, anti-dumping duties, regulatory barriers, and voluntary export restraints.
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Which of the following is not an instrument used by governments to restrict trade
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