For the cr to pass through and open the intervertebral spaces on a 45 degree POSTERIOR oblique projection of the cervical vertebrae, what central ray angle if any would be required? Show
The RAO and LAO positions show the upside or downside of the zygopophyseal joints in the lumbar region? Upside.RAO position demonstrates the left zygopophyseal joints Pt is in RPO position, which lumbar zygopophyseal joints are visualized? The pt is in the LAO position, which lumbar zygopophyseal joints are visualized? Right zygopophyseal joints Mastoid tip is at the level of What are two advantages of using a higher kV for spine radiography, especially on AP Increase exposure latitude, decrease pt dose to ensure that the
intervertebral joint spaces are open for lateral thoracic spine projections, it is important toa. keep the vertebral column parallel to the IR a. keep vertebral column parallel to the image receptor for lateral and oblique projections of the cervical spine, it
is important to minimize the magnification and maximize the detail bya. keeping vertebral column parallel to the IR b. using a small focal spotand fractures through the pedicles and anterior arch of C2 with forward displacement upon C3 hangmans fracture; occurs when neck is subjected to extreme hyperextension very unstable fracture that occurs when the neck is subjected to extreme hyperextension inflammation of the vertebrae abnormal or exaggerated convex curvature of the thoracic spine fracture that involves collapse of vertebral body; anterior edge collapses; best seen on a lateral projection a fracture that results from hyperflexion of neck; results in avulsion fractures on the spinous process of C6-T1 comminuted fracture of the vertebral body with posterior fragments displaced into the spinal canal produces the bow tie sign name of the radiographic procedure that requires the injection of contrast media into the subarachnoid space which imaging modality is ideal for detecting early signs of osteomyelitis? which 2 landmarks must be aligned for an open mouth projection? lower margin of the upper incisors and the base of the skull what is the purpose of the 15-20 degree angle for the AP axial projection of the cervical spine? to open up the intervertebral disc spaces for an AP axial of
the cervical spine, a plane throught the tip of the mandible and the ___ should be parallel to the angled central raya. mastoid process what are 2 important benefits of an SID longer than 40" for the lateral cervical spine projection? 1. compensates for increased OID; reduces magnification2. less divergence of xray beam to reduce shoulder superimposition of c7 which foramina are demonstrated with a left anterior oblique position of the cervical spine LAO and RAO position best demonstrates the down side so the left intervertebral foramina will show which foramina are demonstrated with an LPO position of the cervical spine? RPO/LPO positions demonstrate upside so the right foramina will show what is the recommended SID for the lateral projection of the cervical spine? the lateral projection of the c spine should be taken on (inspiration, expiration), why? expiration to help depress the shoulders the proper name of the method for performing the cervicothoracic (swimmers lateral) projection is which of the following projections delivers the greatest skin dose to the pta.ap thoracic spine this projection will best demonstrate a jefferson fracture AP open mouth cervical spine if upper dens cannot be demonstrated on AP open mouth than you would perform.... Fuchs or Judd method (waters or reverse waters) for an AP open mouth you should collimate down to a box _x_ the AP open mouth demonstrates what structures? dens and body of C2, lateral masses of C1, ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINTS BETWEEN C1 AND C2 if teeth are superimposed on upper dens is that too much flexion or extension? if base of the skull is superimposed on the upper dens is it too much flexion or extension? the fuchs and the judd method only show what? what is the best projection to see a clay shovelers fracture? a compression fracture is most commonly occured in which region of the spine how should you position the head for an AP axial projection of the cervical spine? the occlusal plane to the base of the skull is perpendicular to IR, and the tip of the mandible to the base of the skull is parallel to CR how much should you angle the tube when performing a supine AP axial of the cervical spine? how much should you angle the tube when performing an upright AP axial projection of the cervical spine? what structures need to be shown on the AP axial projection of cervical spine? C3 to T3, space btw pedicles, intervertebral disk spaces you know you have the correct CR angle on an Ap axial projection of the cervical spine if the intervertebral disc spaces are open are both obliques required for cervical spines? which oblique projection is preferred when performing on the cervical spine, why? posterior oblique projection is preferred for reduced thyroid doses which position is preferred when performing oblique projection for the cervical spine? LAO/RAO positions preferred and PA oblique projections preferred if you are completing a posterior oblique projection of the cervical spine how much should the CR be angled and to what level? when performing an anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine, how much should the CR be angled and at what level? this fracture involves the dens and can extend into the lateral masses or arches of C1 radiographically the vertebral body will appear to have jumped over the vertebral body immediately inferior to it How and to where should the central ray be directed for the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column? 15-20 degrees cephalad to C4 How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for AP axial projections of the sacrum 15 degrees cephalad Response Feedback:
How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for the lateral projection of the lumbar vertebral column when the lumbar vertebral column is parallel with the table? How many degrees from either the AP or the PA position should the entire body be rotated for the oblique projections of the cervical column? 45 degrees Response Feedback: How many degrees of body rotation from the supine position are required for AP oblique projections of the sacroiliac joints? What compensation shouuld be made in the lateral projection of the
thoracic vertebral column on a recumbent patient when the lower thoracic region is not parallel with the table? Angle CR 10-15 degrees cephalad What is the name of the short, thick bony processes that project posteriorly from the lateral and superior aspects of vertebral bodies of typical vertebrae?
Which plane or line of the patient should be centered on the midline of the table for the lateral projection of the lumbar vertebral column? Which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina with the central ray angled 15 to 20 degrees caudad? Response Feedback: Which positioning error most likely occurred if the zygapophyseal joints was not well demonstrated and the pedicle was quite anterior on the vertebral body in AP oblique projection
radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column? Response Feedback: Which projection best
demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic vertebral column? Which projection of the cervical vertebrae demonstrates the dens imaged within the foramen magnum? Which projection of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina? AP oblique projection Response Feedback: Which projection of the lumbar vertebral column best demonstrates zygapophyseal joints? AP oblique
projection Response Feedback: In the 45 degree AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine the zygapophysel joints are visible on the side closest to the IR. With reference to the midsaggital plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in cervical vertebrae? LAO and RAO positions will demonstrate which zygopophyseal joints in the lumbar region? Upside or downside? Upside.LAO= right If the pt is in RPO or LPO position, which zygopophyseal joints are visible in the lumbar region? Upside or downside? PA oblique projections in the thoracic spine will demonstrate which zygopophyseal joints? Pa oblique projection= LAO/RAO positions will demonstrate downside If pt is in the LAO position, which zygopophyseal joints in the thoracic region will be demonstrated? Left zygopophyseal joint. (LAO/RAO positions= downside) If the pt is in the RPO position, which zygopophyseal joints will be demonstrated in the thoracic region? Left. LPO/ RPO positions show upside in thoracic region. What is the centering point for the lateral projection L5 to S1? If spine is parallel to IR the CR is perpendicular. If waist is not supported CR must be angled 5-8 degrees caudad to be parallel to interiliac planeCenter 1 1/2 " inferior to iliac crest and 2" posterior to ASIS What are the GPS directions on where to center for the lateral projection L5-S1 1 1/2" inferior to iliac crest and 2 " posterior to ASIS What is the CR angle for the special AP axial L5-S1 projection? 30 degrees cephalad for males and 35 degrees cephalad for females What is the CR centering point for the special AP axial L5-S1 projection? T/F The special AP axial L5-S1 projection may also be performed prone True- with a 30-35 degree caudal angle of CR What are the projections of the scoliosis series? Basic: PA erect and/or supine. Erect lateral The PA projection: scoliosis series includes ___ images taken for comparison 2- one erect and one recumbent Which is recommended when performing a scoliosis series, AP or PA? PA is recommended it reduces breasts and thyroid dose. Breasts by 90% Where is the lower margin of the IR in a PA scoliosis series? Minimum of 1-2" below iliac crest The erect lateral projection: scoliosis demonstrates Spondylolisthesis, degree of kyphosis, degree of lordosis T/FIn an erect lateral projection: scoliosis series, the convex side of the curve should be against the IR The PA (AP) ferguson method: scoliosis, requires Two images. One erect AP/PA and one with the foot or the hip of the convex side of the curve elevated T\F The ferguson method assists in differentiating deforming primary curve from compensatory curve. To find the ROM in the vertebral column, this projection is included in a scoliosis series. Basic projections of spinal fusion series
AP/PA right and left bending and lateral- hyperflexion and hyperextension Which exam is used to assess mobility at a spinal fusion site? Hyperextension and hyperflexion Where is the centering point in a lateral hyperflexion and hyperextension spinal fusion? At the site of the fusion What type of CR is required for an AP axial projection of coccyx? 10 degree caudal@ 2" above pubic symphysis What type of CR angle is recommended for an AP axial L5-S1 projection an a female? What is the CR angle for AP axial projection: SI joints Males 30 cephaladFemales 35 cephalad aP oblique projections RPO and LPO: SI joints, the pt is rotated how many degrees to the side of interest? The LPO ap oblique for SI joints will demonstrate which joint ? Which of the following is are well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae quizlet?Which of the following is (are) well demonstrated in the oblique position of the cervical vertebrae? The correct answer is (A). The cervical intervertebral foramina form a 45-degree angle with the MSP and, therefore, are well visualized in a 45-degree oblique position.
Which foramina are demonstrated with a left posterior oblique LPO position of the cervical spine?Which foramina are demonstrated with a left posterior oblique (LPO) position of the cervical spine? The right intervertebral foramina or upside.
What should be open and well seen on an oblique projection of the cervical spine?Examination/Imaging
In an oblique projection, the contralateral pedicle is seen as an oval projected onto the vertebral body, showing the outer and inner diameter of the pedicle. If the projection shows no inner diameter, the pedicle does not have a medullary canal.
Which of the following anatomical structures is are demonstrated in a 45 oblique view of the cervical spine?XR 105 Midterm. |