Which arthropod bite is associated with a wheal-and-flare skin reaction quizlet

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- Do not keep venomous snakes as pets

- Be extremely careful in locations where snakes may hide (tall grass, rock piles, ledges and crevices, woodpiles, brush, boxes, and cabinets

- Snakes are most active on warm nights

- Don protective attire such as boots, heavy pants, and leather gloves

- When walking or hiking, use a walking stick or trekking poles

- Inspect suspicious areas before placing hands and feet in them

- DO NOT harass any snakes you may encounter

- Be aware that newly dead or decapitated snakes can inflict a bite for up to an hour after death because f the persistence of the bite reflex

- Do not transport the snake with the victim to the medical center for identification purposes, instead take a photo

- Depends on type and amount of venom injection, age, size, & health status

- Bruising, pain, swelling, and redness are common in the area around the bite

- Fascisulations (twitching) may occur as well as weakness, N&V, hypotension, seizures, and coagulopathy

- Common reports by the victim include minty, rubbery, or metallic taste in the mouth and tingling or parathesias of the scalp, face, and lips

- If the bit doesn't show any signs of swelling or redness within 8 hours then systemic effects are less likely to develop

Pathophysiology:
- Aka "Fiddleback" & "Violin Spider"
- Medium sized and light brown
- Shy and hide in areas that are dark and secluded (boxes, basements, sheds, garage)

- The only evidence left may be impaired tissue integrity from a skin lesion or a necrotic wound

- Systemic effects from the injected toxin, commonly referred to as loxoscelism

Assessment:
- Cause cell damage
- Painless or stinging when bitten
- The center of the bite becomes bluish-purple
- Eschar eventually forms
- Tissue integrity is impaired by an open wound or ulcer that can remain for weeks or months

- Some may develop rash, fever, chills, n&v, malaise, and joint pain.

- In worst cases, hemolytc reaction, pulmonary edema, cardiovascular collapse, and death can occur

Intervention:
- Apply cold compress (Cold helps decrease the enzyme activity of the venom and may limit tissue swelling and necrosis

- Topical antiseptic and sterile dressings are necessary

- Tetanus prophylaxis

- Debridement may be needed as well as skin grafting

Some patents develop loxoscelism:
Manifestations include:
- Fever and Chills
- N&V
- Renal Failure
- Hemolytic Anemia (Destruction of RBC)
- Thrombocytopenia (Low platelets)
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
- Death

Pathophysiology:
- Found in every state except Alaska

- Found in cold, damp environments like outdoor log piles, vegetation, and rocks

- Carry neurotoxic venom

- Hourglass pattern is more prominent on females than males

- In most cases, the symptoms do not progress beyond a local reaction in the sea of the bite

Assessment:
- Venom produces a syndrome known as latrodectism- Veom causes neurotransmitter release from nerve terminals

S&S- Severe abdominal pain, muscle rigidity & spasm, hypertension, and N&V are common

- Muscle spasms involve the large muscles of abdomen, back, and surgicla consultation

- Other problems include: facial edema, ptosis (eyelid dropping), diaphoresis, weakness, increased salivation, respiratory difficulty, and parathesias

- Effects of bite generally heal within a few days

First Aid/Prehospital Care:
- Monitor for evidence of systemic toxicity
- Support ABC's

Hospital:
- Monitor vitals, especially BP & resp
- Opioids and muscle relaxers may be given such as diazepam (Valium)
- Provide tetanus
- Antivenom is available although it can cause anaphylaxis & serum sickness but its effective in treating severe reactions

- Drug is also given to pregnant women because they may have uterine contractions