Where is the central ray directed for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region swimmers technique )?

Inhaltsverzeichnis Show

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:vertebral foramen
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?24273354
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?24
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?25 degrees cephalad30 to 35 degrees cephalad35 to 45 degrees cephalad40 to 50 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?30 to 35 degrees cephalad
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosiskyphosislordosisscoliokyphosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosis
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints farthest from the IRjoints closest to the IRboth joints equally demonstratedthe L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints closest to the IR
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?APlateralAP oblique, RPO and LPO positionPA oblique, RAO and LAO position
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?AP oblique, RPO and LPO position
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Lumbar zygapophyseal jointsIntervertebral foraminaPars interarticularisPedicles
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Intervertebral foramina
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 AP oblique, LPO position2 AP oblique, RPO position3 PA oblique, RAO position1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 thoracic2 lumbar3 sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 and 3
Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS3 inches posterior to the ASIS2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest1.5 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior to the iliac crest
Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest
Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx2 and 3
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? L2L3the ASISthe iliac crests
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? the iliac crests
Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?horizontal planemidcoronal planemidsagittal planecoronal plane
Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?midcoronal plane
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular processinferior articular process
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous process
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?at the pubic symphysis1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysisat the level of the ASISs
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch2 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch2 and 3
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1 supports the trunk2 protects the spinal cord3 supports the skull superiorly1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1, 2, and 3
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique 1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique2 and 3
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extendedflexedexternally rotatedinternally rotated
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extended
The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad
The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—cephalad5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—cephalad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:costovertebral jointscostotransverse jointsintervertebral jointszygapophyseal joints
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:zygapophyseal joints
The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad5 to 10 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the symphysis1 inch at the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?2345
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?4
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:transverse processpars interarticularisaccessory processmammillary process
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:pars interarticularis
Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?L2L3the ASISthe iliac crests
Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?the iliac crests
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:30 degrees45 degrees50 degrees55 degrees
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:45 degrees
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 2
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?15 degrees caudad
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.archesbodiespedicleslamina
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.lamina
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is: 15 degrees cephalad
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulumlumbar5, sacral1 joint
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac joint
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees5 to 7 degrees
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 3
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?15 degrees caudad
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:vertebral foramen
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:15 degrees cephalad
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulumlumbar5, sacral1 joint
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac joint
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees5 to 7 degrees
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 3
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?7122433
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?24
Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra
Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?fourth cervical vertebra
Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?OttonelloGrandyTwiningFuchs
Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?Ottonello
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 3
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?1234
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?3
The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebraelateral projection of the cervicothoracic regionAP/PA thoracolumbar spinelateral thoracolumbar spine
The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramenvertebral foramenintervertebral foraminainferior vertebral notch
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramen
The first cervical vertebra is called the:axisatlasdensvertebra prominens
The first cervical vertebra is called the:atlas
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?Selectedglabellomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal linea line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoidprocess
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APlateralAP obliquePA oblique
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?lateral
The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?40 inches48 inches40 to 60 inches60 to 72 inches
The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?60 to 72 inches
What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees5 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees60 degrees70 degrees40 to 60 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?30 degrees45 degrees60 degrees50 to 60 degrees
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those farthest from the IRthose closest to the IRboth sides equally demonstratedthe inferior six closest to the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IRthose farthest from the IRboth sides are equally demonstratedthe inferior side farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IR
According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the elbowsaffixed to the wristsheld in the handsheld by the fingers
According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the wrists
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervicalthoraciclumbarsacral
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervical
According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:laterally45 degrees anteriorly70 degrees anteriorly45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudadperpendicular
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?GrandyFuchsTwiningPawlow
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?Fuchs
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra
The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:10 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephaladvariable, depending on the body habitus
The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:15 to 20 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:3 to 5 degrees caudad
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expirationfull inspirationsuspended respirationsoftly phonate "ah" during the exposure
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expiration
What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees cephalad45 degrees caudad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 to 20 degrees caudad
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?1 Ottonello method2 swimmer’s technique3 Ferguson method1231, 2, and 3
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?2 swimmer’s technique
For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?lateral cervical vertebraeAP "open mouth" atlas and axisAP dens, Fuchs methodAP axial cervical spine
For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?AP "open mouth" atlas and axis
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique2 and 3
The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:First cervical vertebraSecond cervical vertebraSeventh cervical vertebraFirst thoracic vertebra
The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:Seventh cervical vertebra
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse processon the spinous processon the laminaon the pedicle
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse process
The second cervical vertebra is called the:densatlasaxisvertebra prominens
The second cervical vertebra is called the:axis
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?48 inches60 inches40 to 48 inches60 to 72 inches
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?60 to 72 inches
Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?AP axialPA axial obliqueAP axial obliquedorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral
Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?to the "Adam’s apple"first cervical vertebrasecond cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?second cervical vertebra
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1, 2, and 3
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degreesmove posteriorly 10 degrees
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move posteriorly
What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees5 degrees caudad7 degrees caudad5 to 7 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees
Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?sixth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebrafirst thoracic vertebraat the C7T1interspace
Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?at the C7T1 interspace
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch2 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch2 and 3
How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?30 degrees45 degrees20 degrees70 degrees
How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?20 degrees
What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?each otherarticular processhead of ribslamina
What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?head of ribs
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulationwith the tubercle of a rib? 781012
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulationwith the tubercle of a rib?10
The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:PediclesLaminaeTransverse processSpinous process
The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:Transverse process
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?T1T3T1T9T1T10T1T12
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?T1T10
How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the anterior half to the center of the gridcenter the posterior half to the center of the gridcenter the midcoronal plane to the center of the gridcenter the midsagittal plane to the center of the grid
How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the posterior half to the center of the grid
What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad5 to 10 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method1231, 2, and 3
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method2
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degreesmove posteriorly 15 degrees
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorly
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees70 to 75 degrees
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?90 degrees
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular processinferior articular process
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?transverse process
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the headtoward the feethead or foot endvariable, depending on body habitus
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the feet
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 3
If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?5 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees cephalad
If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?10 to 15 degrees cephalad
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APLateralPA obliqueAP oblique
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?Lateral
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees70 to 75 degrees
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?70 to 75 degrees
The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:First Cervical VertebraSecond Cervical VertebraSeventh Cervical VertebraFirst Thoracic Vertebra
The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:Seventh Cervical Vertebra
According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:DemifacetsNo transverse processThe largest spinous processBifid tips on the spinous process
According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:Demifacets
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?over the headat the sidesat right angles to the long axis of the bodyvariable, depending on body habitus
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?at right angles to the long axis of the body
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:3 to 5 degrees caudad
According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?AP Thoracic SpineLateral Thoracic SpineRPO/LPO Thoracic SpineLateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)
According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)
According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposedoverexposedtoo high in contrasttoo low in contrast
According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposed
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T5level of T7level of T9level of T10
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T7
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing2 and 3
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an APthoracic spine?1. Flex the hips2. Flex the knees3. Flex the cervical spine1 and 2
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 inch above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shouldersat the level of the shoulders
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?10 to 20 degrees cephalad30 to 40 degrees cephalad10 to 20 degrees caudad30 to 40 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?30 to 40 degrees caudad
Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine 1 only2 only3 only1, 2, and 3
Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine2 only
The gallbladder functions to:produce and secrete bilestore and concentrate bileregulate digestion of fatty acidsbreak down toxins in the blood stream
The gallbladder functions to:store and concentrate bile
Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized2 and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 2
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast2 and 3
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?AP, LAOAP, LPOPA, RAOPA, LAO
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?PA, RAO
What is the length of the large intestine?3 feet5 feet7 feet8 feet
What is the length of the large intestine?5 feet
Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 3
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axialAP axial
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAO
Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1, 2, and 3
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?SimsTrendelenburg'slithotomyright lateral
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?Sims
The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQRUQLLQRLQ
The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQ
Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 3
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecumrectumsigmoid colonvermiform appendix
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecum
One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is: elimination of motionspeed of the examinationproduction of a highcontrastimageproduction of a highresolutionimage
One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is:elimination of motion
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?PAlateralAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?lateral
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?PAAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?AP oblique, LPO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? AP axiallateralPA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?PA oblique, LAO
Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1, 2, and 3
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? 20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 40 degrees
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?35 to 40 degrees
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?asthenic
Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 2
The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 2
The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products2 and 3
According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?12 inches18 to 24 inches24 to 36 inches4 feet
According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?18 to 24 inches
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 45 degrees
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:35 to 45 degrees
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?1 air2 barium sulfate3 watersolubleiodinated solution1, 2, and 3
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:respirationperistalsismasticationdeglutition
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:peristalsis
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?10 feet12 feet20 feet22 feet
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?22 feet
Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 2
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?inspirationexpirationsuspended respirationslow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?expiration
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 3
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and thelateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?AP, right lateral decubitus
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecumileumsigmoidascending colon
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecum
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:left colic flexureright colic flexuresigmoid colonduodenojejunal flexure
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:right colic flexure
The largest gland in the body is the:liverspleenpancreasduodenum
The largest gland in the body is the:liver
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileumpylorusjejunumduodenum
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileum
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PAPA oblique, RAOAP oblique, LPOAP oblique, RPO
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PA oblique, RAO
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:pyloric portionduodenojejunal flexureright colic flexuredescending region
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:duodenojejunal flexure
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?hypersthenic
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:aircarbon dioxidebarium sulfatewatersolubleiodine
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:barium sulfate
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO2 and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells2 and 3
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valveampulla of Vaterpyloric valvegreater duodenal papilla
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valve
Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1, 2, and 3
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete bileproduce and secrete insulinproduce and secrete glucagonproduce and secrete digestive juice
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete digestive juice
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiographycholecystographyhepatographyhepatorrhaphy
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiography
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?PAAPAP, Trendelenburg's positionAP, R lateral decubitus
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?AP, Trendelenburg's position
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:ascending colondescending colonR colic flexuretransverse colon
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:descending colon
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?epigastrium and left hypochondriumright hypochondrium and epigastriumright lateral and umbilicalumbilical and left lateral
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?right hypochondrium and epigastrium
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?3458
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?3
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and themedial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air? AP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axialAP axial
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAO
The space between each of the ribs is called the:costal cartilageintercostal spacescostovertebral jointscostotransverse joints
The space between each of the ribs is called the:intercostal spaces
Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12
Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?11 and 12
How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?571012
How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?7
For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?hypersthenic
The approximate length of the sternum is:3 inches4 inches5 inches6 inches
The approximate length of the sternum is:6 inches
Which part of the sternum is most inferior?ManubriumHeadBodyXiphoid process
Which part of the sternum is most inferior?Xiphoid process
Which ribs are called the false ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12
Which ribs are called the false ribs?8 to 12
Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?fifth thoracic vertebraseventh thoracic vertebramanubrium sternijugular notch
Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum? seventh thoracic vertebra
Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing2 and 3
How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1 inch2.5 inches2 inches2.5 inches
How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1.5 inches
Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the xiphoidat the ASISinches above the crest of the iliumat the iliac crest
Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the iliac crest
What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSlow, shallow breathingSuspend respiration
What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at inspiration
How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hipspalm of the hands against the midthighback of the hands against the hipsback of the hands against the midthigh
How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hips
How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is at C7T1Top of the IR is at T3Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notchTop of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch
How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch
Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12
Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 7
Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspiration
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 degrees20 degrees10 to 15 degrees20 to 30 degrees
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 to 15 degrees
The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?hypersthenic
How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?30 degrees45 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 45 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?45 degrees
Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projectionPA projection, RAOAP projection, LPOAP projection, RPO
Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projection, LPO
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?48 inches60 inches72 inches120 inches
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?72 inches
How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?on the left sideon the right sidewith the forehead and nose on the tablewith the midsagittal plane vertical
How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?with the midsagittal plane vertical
Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?locked behind the backstraight down at the sidelocked above the headback of the hands against the thighs
Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum? locked behind the back
Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?at the level of T11 inch above the upper border of the shoulder1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?1 inch lower1 inch higher3 to 5 inches lower3 to 5 inches higher
Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?3 to 5 inches lower
The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs? 6121824
The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs?24
Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?AP, supinePA, pronePA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO
Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?PA oblique, RAO
The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudadPerpendicular
The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:Perpendicular
The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:bodyxiphoidsternal anglejugular notch
The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:jugular notch
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?both joints are demonstratedthe joint closest to the IRthe joint farthest from the IRboth joints—but varies depending on body habitus
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?the joint closest to the IR
The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:5 degrees cephalad7 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephaladperpendicular
The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:perpendicular
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspended respirationSuspend at full inspirationSuspend at full expirationSlow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspend at full expiration
What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches40 inches48 inches72 inches (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches
Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 2
The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expiration
Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1, 2, and 3
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at expiration
What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full expirationsuspend at full inspirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full inspiration
Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?ObliquePAAPLateral
Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?Oblique
Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOAP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPO
Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAO
The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees cephalad
The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?second thoracic vertebrathird thoracic vertebramanubrium sternibody of the sternum
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?third thoracic vertebra
How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?10 degrees20 degrees5 to 10 degrees15 to 20 degrees
How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?15 to 20 degrees
Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?hyoidcoronalsagittalsquamosal
Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?sagittal
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?acanthiomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal linementomeatal line
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?infraorbitomeatal line
Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin 1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin1 and 2
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?25 degrees cephalad
Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?sagittaltransversemidsagittalmidcoronal
Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?midsagittal
Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?TowneCaldwellSchüllerWaters
Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?Caldwell
All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillaefrontalsphenoidoccipital
All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillae
If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?acanthiomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal linementomeatal line
If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?infraorbitomeatal line
The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:1 inch below the EAM2 inches below the EAM1 inch above the EAM2 inches above the EAM
The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:2 inches above the EAM
Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1, 2, and 3
For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the: mentomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal line
For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the:infraorbitomeatal line
The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:sulcisuturesdiploëfontanels
The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:fontanels
If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?15 degrees caudad30 degrees caudad37 degrees caudad45 degrees caudad
If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?37 degrees caudad
Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR 1 and 2
The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is: 5 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad
The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:15 degrees caudad
Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?temporaloccipitalparietalforamen magnum
Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?occipital
The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called: jointsbursaesuturescartilage
The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:sutures
How many bones make up the cranium?46810
How many bones make up the cranium?8
The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?temporalsphenoidoccipitalparietal
The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?occipital
Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? temporalsphenoidoccipitalethmoid
Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing?temporal
Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal lineacanthiomeatal line
Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal line
Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?HaasRheseTowneSchüller
Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?Schüller
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull? 15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull?15 degrees caudad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?10 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees cephalad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?15 degrees cephalad
What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad30 degrees cephalad
What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees cephalad
Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?sagittalcoronalsquamosallambdoidal
Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?coronal
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius3 temporomandibular joints1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius 3 temporomandibular joints1, 2, and 3
The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the: lambdoidalsquamosalsagittalcorona
The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:lambdoidal
What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees5 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad5 to 7 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees
When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassetteIPL perpendicular, MSP perpendicularMSP perpendicular, OML perpendicularIPL parallel, IOML perpendicular
When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 3
What are the two components of a nephron?Renal corpuscle and renal capsuleRenal tubule and renal corpuscleRenal capsule and glomerulusRenal column and medulla
What are the two components of a nephron?Renal tubule and renal corpuscle
What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings The area between the calyces of the kidneys and the medullaThe outer covering of the kidneysThe junction of the ureter and the urethra
What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings
Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only1 and 3 only2 and 3 only1, 2, and 3
Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only
IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:UrolithiasisTraumaPyelonephritisPost-lithotripsy for kidney function
IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:Post-lithotripsy for kidney function
What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?10- to 15-degree posterior oblique20- to 25-degree posterior oblique35- to 40-degree posterior oblique45- to 60-degree posterior oblique
What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?35- to 40-degree posterior oblique
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?RightLeftNeither; a 45-degree oblique is required for the AP oblique of the kidneys
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?Left
The vaginal end of the uterus is the:FundusCervixIsthmusBody
The vaginal end of the uterus is the:Cervix
The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory ductEpididymisProstate ductUrethra
The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory duct
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: Determine size, shape, and position of the uterus and uterine tubesDelineate lesions such as polyps, submucous tumor masses, or fistulous tractsInvestigate patency of the uterine tubes in patients who are unable to conceiveAll of the above
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: All of the above
What is the central ray angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region swimmer's view when the shoulder can be well depressed?
Where does the central ray enter for a lateral projection of the cervical spine?
What is the central ray angle for an AP thoracic spine quizlet?

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina

Table of Contents

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:vertebral foramen
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?24273354
How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?24
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?25 degrees cephalad30 to 35 degrees cephalad35 to 45 degrees cephalad40 to 50 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?30 to 35 degrees cephalad
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosiskyphosislordosisscoliokyphosis
An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosis
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints farthest from the IRjoints closest to the IRboth joints equally demonstratedthe L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR
Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints closest to the IR
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?APlateralAP oblique, RPO and LPO positionPA oblique, RAO and LAO position
Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?AP oblique, RPO and LPO position
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Lumbar zygapophyseal jointsIntervertebral foraminaPars interarticularisPedicles
What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Intervertebral foramina
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 AP oblique, LPO position2 AP oblique, RPO position3 PA oblique, RAO position1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 thoracic2 lumbar3 sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 and 3
Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS3 inches posterior to the ASIS2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest1.5 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior to the iliac crest
Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest
Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx2 and 3
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? L2L3the ASISthe iliac crests
Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? the iliac crests
Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?horizontal planemidcoronal planemidsagittal planecoronal plane
Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?midcoronal plane
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular processinferior articular process
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous process
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?at the pubic symphysis1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysisat the level of the ASISs
Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?midcoronal planemidsagittal planelongitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASISlongitudinal plane 2 inches medial to the elevated ASIS
Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch2 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch2 and 3
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1 supports the trunk2 protects the spinal cord3 supports the skull superiorly1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1, 2, and 3
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique 1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique2 and 3
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extendedflexedexternally rotatedinternally rotated
How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extended
The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad
The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—cephalad5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—cephalad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—caudad
If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:costovertebral jointscostotransverse jointsintervertebral jointszygapophyseal joints
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:zygapophyseal joints
The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad5 to 10 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the symphysis1 inch at the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?2345
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?4
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:transverse processpars interarticularisaccessory processmammillary process
The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:pars interarticularis
Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?L2L3the ASISthe iliac crests
Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?the iliac crests
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:30 degrees45 degrees50 degrees55 degrees
To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:45 degrees
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 2
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?15 degrees caudad
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.archesbodiespedicleslamina
Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.lamina
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is: 15 degrees cephalad
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulumlumbar5, sacral1 joint
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac joint
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees5 to 7 degrees
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 3
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad
Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?15 degrees caudad
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina
The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:vertebral foramen
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad
The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:15 degrees cephalad
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulumlumbar5, sacral1 joint
The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac joint
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees5 to 7 degrees
The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 3
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?7122433
How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?24
Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra
Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?fourth cervical vertebra
Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?OttonelloGrandyTwiningFuchs
Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?Ottonello
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 3
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?1234
How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?3
The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebraelateral projection of the cervicothoracic regionAP/PA thoracolumbar spinelateral thoracolumbar spine
The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramenvertebral foramenintervertebral foraminainferior vertebral notch
The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramen
The first cervical vertebra is called the:axisatlasdensvertebra prominens
The first cervical vertebra is called the:atlas
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?Selectedglabellomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal linea line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoidprocess
Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APlateralAP obliquePA oblique
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?lateral
The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?40 inches48 inches40 to 60 inches60 to 72 inches
The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?60 to 72 inches
What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees5 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees60 degrees70 degrees40 to 60 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?30 degrees45 degrees60 degrees50 to 60 degrees
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those farthest from the IRthose closest to the IRboth sides equally demonstratedthe inferior six closest to the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IRthose farthest from the IRboth sides are equally demonstratedthe inferior side farthest from the IR
Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IR
According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the elbowsaffixed to the wristsheld in the handsheld by the fingers
According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the wrists
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervicalthoraciclumbarsacral
Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervical
According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:laterally45 degrees anteriorly70 degrees anteriorly45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudadperpendicular
What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 15 to 20 degrees cephalad
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?GrandyFuchsTwiningPawlow
Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?Fuchs
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra
The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:10 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephaladvariable, depending on the body habitus
The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:15 to 20 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:3 to 5 degrees caudad
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra
Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expirationfull inspirationsuspended respirationsoftly phonate "ah" during the exposure
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expiration
What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees cephalad45 degrees caudad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 to 20 degrees caudad
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?1 Ottonello method2 swimmer’s technique3 Ferguson method1231, 2, and 3
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?2 swimmer’s technique
For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?lateral cervical vertebraeAP "open mouth" atlas and axisAP dens, Fuchs methodAP axial cervical spine
For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?AP "open mouth" atlas and axis
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique2 and 3
The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:First cervical vertebraSecond cervical vertebraSeventh cervical vertebraFirst thoracic vertebra
The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:Seventh cervical vertebra
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse processon the spinous processon the laminaon the pedicle
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse process
The second cervical vertebra is called the:densatlasaxisvertebra prominens
The second cervical vertebra is called the:axis
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?48 inches60 inches40 to 48 inches60 to 72 inches
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?60 to 72 inches
Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?AP axialPA axial obliqueAP axial obliquedorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral
Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?to the "Adam’s apple"first cervical vertebrasecond cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra
Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?second cervical vertebra
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1, 2, and 3
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degreesmove posteriorly 10 degrees
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move posteriorly
What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees5 degrees caudad7 degrees caudad5 to 7 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees
Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?sixth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebrafirst thoracic vertebraat the C7T1interspace
Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?at the C7T1 interspace
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch2 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch2 and 3
How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?30 degrees45 degrees20 degrees70 degrees
How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?20 degrees
What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?each otherarticular processhead of ribslamina
What do the costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?head of ribs
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulationwith the tubercle of a rib? 781012
How many thoracic vertebrae have a small concave facet on the transverse process, for articulationwith the tubercle of a rib?10
The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:PediclesLaminaeTransverse processSpinous process
The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:Transverse process
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?T1T3T1T9T1T10T1T12
Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?T1T10
How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the anterior half to the center of the gridcenter the posterior half to the center of the gridcenter the midcoronal plane to the center of the gridcenter the midsagittal plane to the center of the grid
How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the posterior half to the center of the grid
What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad5 to 10 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method1231, 2, and 3
Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method2
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degreesmove posteriorly 15 degrees
According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorly
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees70 to 75 degrees
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?90 degrees
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular processinferior articular process
A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?transverse process
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the headtoward the feethead or foot endvariable, depending on body habitus
Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the feet
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 3
If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?5 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees cephalad
If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?10 to 15 degrees cephalad
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APLateralPA obliqueAP oblique
The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?Lateral
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees70 to 75 degrees
The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?70 to 75 degrees
The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:First Cervical VertebraSecond Cervical VertebraSeventh Cervical VertebraFirst Thoracic Vertebra
The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:Seventh Cervical Vertebra
According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:DemifacetsNo transverse processThe largest spinous processBifid tips on the spinous process
According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:Demifacets
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?over the headat the sidesat right angles to the long axis of the bodyvariable, depending on body habitus
Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?at right angles to the long axis of the body
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees cephalad
When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:3 to 5 degrees caudad
According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?AP Thoracic SpineLateral Thoracic SpineRPO/LPO Thoracic SpineLateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)
According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)
According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposedoverexposedtoo high in contrasttoo low in contrast
According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposed
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T5level of T7level of T9level of T10
Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T7
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing2 and 3
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an APthoracic spine?1. Flex the hips2. Flex the knees3. Flex the cervical spine1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an APthoracic spine?1. Flex the hips2. Flex the knees3. Flex the cervical spine1 and 2
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 inch above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shouldersat the level of the shoulders
Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders
What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?10 to 20 degrees cephalad30 to 40 degrees cephalad10 to 20 degrees caudad30 to 40 degrees caudad
What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?30 to 40 degrees caudad
Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine 1 only2 only3 only1, 2, and 3
Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine2 only
The gallbladder functions to:produce and secrete bilestore and concentrate bileregulate digestion of fatty acidsbreak down toxins in the blood stream
The gallbladder functions to:store and concentrate bile
Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized2 and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 2
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast2 and 3
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?AP, LAOAP, LPOPA, RAOPA, LAO
What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?PA, RAO
What is the length of the large intestine?3 feet5 feet7 feet8 feet
What is the length of the large intestine?5 feet
Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 3
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axialAP axial
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAO
Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1, 2, and 3
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?SimsTrendelenburg'slithotomyright lateral
Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?Sims
The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQRUQLLQRLQ
The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQ
Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 3
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecumrectumsigmoid colonvermiform appendix
The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecum
One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is: elimination of motionspeed of the examinationproduction of a highcontrastimageproduction of a highresolutionimage
One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is:elimination of motion
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?PAlateralAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?lateral
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?PAAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?AP oblique, LPO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? AP axiallateralPA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?PA oblique, LAO
Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1, 2, and 3
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? 20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 40 degrees
What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?35 to 40 degrees
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?asthenic
Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 2
The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 2
The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products2 and 3
According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?12 inches18 to 24 inches24 to 36 inches4 feet
According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?18 to 24 inches
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 45 degrees
The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:35 to 45 degrees
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?1 air2 barium sulfate3 watersolubleiodinated solution1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?1 air2 barium sulfate3 watersolubleiodinated solution1, 2, and 3
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:respirationperistalsismasticationdeglutition
The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:peristalsis
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?10 feet12 feet20 feet22 feet
What is the length of the average adult small intestine?22 feet
Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 2
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?inspirationexpirationsuspended respirationslow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?expiration
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 3
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and thelateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?AP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPOAP, right lateral decubitusAP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and thelateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?AP, right lateral decubitus
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecumileumsigmoidascending colon
The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecum
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:left colic flexureright colic flexuresigmoid colonduodenojejunal flexure
The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:right colic flexure
The largest gland in the body is the:liverspleenpancreasduodenum
The largest gland in the body is the:liver
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileumpylorusjejunumduodenum
The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileum
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PAPA oblique, RAOAP oblique, LPOAP oblique, RPO
Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PA oblique, RAO
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:pyloric portionduodenojejunal flexureright colic flexuredescending region
The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:duodenojejunal flexure
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?hypersthenic
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:aircarbon dioxidebarium sulfatewatersolubleiodine
The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:barium sulfate
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO2 and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells2 and 3
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valveampulla of Vaterpyloric valvegreater duodenal papilla
The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valve
Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1, 2, and 3
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete bileproduce and secrete insulinproduce and secrete glucagonproduce and secrete digestive juice
The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete digestive juice
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiographycholecystographyhepatographyhepatorrhaphy
A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiography
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?PAAPAP, Trendelenburg's positionAP, R lateral decubitus
Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?AP, Trendelenburg's position
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:ascending colondescending colonR colic flexuretransverse colon
The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:descending colon
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?epigastrium and left hypochondriumright hypochondrium and epigastriumright lateral and umbilicalumbilical and left lateral
Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?right hypochondrium and epigastrium
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?3458
The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?3
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and themedial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air?AP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPOAP, right lateral decubitusAP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and themedial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air? AP, left lateral decubitus
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axialAP axial
Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAO
The space between each of the ribs is called the:costal cartilageintercostal spacescostovertebral jointscostotransverse joints
The space between each of the ribs is called the:intercostal spaces
Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12
Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?11 and 12
How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?571012
How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?7
For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?hypersthenic
The approximate length of the sternum is:3 inches4 inches5 inches6 inches
The approximate length of the sternum is:6 inches
Which part of the sternum is most inferior?ManubriumHeadBodyXiphoid process
Which part of the sternum is most inferior?Xiphoid process
Which ribs are called the false ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12
Which ribs are called the false ribs?8 to 12
Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?fifth thoracic vertebraseventh thoracic vertebramanubrium sternijugular notch
Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum? seventh thoracic vertebra
Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing2 and 3
How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1 inch2.5 inches2 inches2.5 inches
How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1.5 inches
Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the xiphoidat the ASISinches above the crest of the iliumat the iliac crest
Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the iliac crest
What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSlow, shallow breathingSuspend respiration
What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at inspiration
How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hipspalm of the hands against the midthighback of the hands against the hipsback of the hands against the midthigh
How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hips
How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is at C7T1Top of the IR is at T3Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notchTop of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch
How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch
Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12
Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 7
Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspiration
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 degrees20 degrees10 to 15 degrees20 to 30 degrees
How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 to 15 degrees
The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic
The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?hypersthenic
How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?30 degrees45 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 45 degrees
How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?45 degrees
Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projectionPA projection, RAOAP projection, LPOAP projection, RPO
Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projection, LPO
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?48 inches60 inches72 inches120 inches
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?72 inches
How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?on the left sideon the right sidewith the forehead and nose on the tablewith the midsagittal plane vertical
How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?with the midsagittal plane vertical
Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?locked behind the backstraight down at the sidelocked above the headback of the hands against the thighs
Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum? locked behind the back
Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?at the level of T11 inch above the upper border of the shoulder1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder
Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?1 inch lower1 inch higher3 to 5 inches lower3 to 5 inches higher
Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?3 to 5 inches lower
The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs? 6121824
The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs?24
Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?AP, supinePA, pronePA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO
Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?PA oblique, RAO
The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudadPerpendicular
The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:Perpendicular
The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:bodyxiphoidsternal anglejugular notch
The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:jugular notch
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?both joints are demonstratedthe joint closest to the IRthe joint farthest from the IRboth joints—but varies depending on body habitus
When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?the joint closest to the IR
The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:5 degrees cephalad7 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephaladperpendicular
The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:perpendicular
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspended respirationSuspend at full inspirationSuspend at full expirationSlow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspend at full expiration
What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches40 inches48 inches72 inches (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches
Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 2
The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expiration
Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1, 2, and 3
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at expiration
What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full expirationsuspend at full inspirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing
What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full inspiration
Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?ObliquePAAPLateral
Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?Oblique
Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOAP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPO
Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAO
The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees cephalad
The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?second thoracic vertebrathird thoracic vertebramanubrium sternibody of the sternum
Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?third thoracic vertebra
How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?10 degrees20 degrees5 to 10 degrees15 to 20 degrees
How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?15 to 20 degrees
Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?hyoidcoronalsagittalsquamosal
Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?sagittal
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?acanthiomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal linementomeatal line
Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?infraorbitomeatal line
Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin 1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin1 and 2
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?25 degrees cephalad
Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?sagittaltransversemidsagittalmidcoronal
Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?midsagittal
Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?TowneCaldwellSchüllerWaters
Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?Caldwell
All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillaefrontalsphenoidoccipital
All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillae
If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?acanthiomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal linementomeatal line
If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?infraorbitomeatal line
The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:1 inch below the EAM2 inches below the EAM1 inch above the EAM2 inches above the EAM
The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:2 inches above the EAM
Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1, 2, and 3
For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the: mentomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal line
For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the:infraorbitomeatal line
The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:sulcisuturesdiploëfontanels
The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:fontanels
If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?15 degrees caudad30 degrees caudad37 degrees caudad45 degrees caudad
If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?37 degrees caudad
Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR 1 and 2
The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is: 5 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad
The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:15 degrees caudad
Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?temporaloccipitalparietalforamen magnum
Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?occipital
The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called: jointsbursaesuturescartilage
The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:sutures
How many bones make up the cranium?46810
How many bones make up the cranium?8
The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?temporalsphenoidoccipitalparietal
The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?occipital
Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? temporalsphenoidoccipitalethmoid
Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing?temporal
Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal lineacanthiomeatal line
Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal line
Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?HaasRheseTowneSchüller
Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?Schüller
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull? 15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad
How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull?15 degrees caudad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?10 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees cephalad
Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?15 degrees cephalad
What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad30 degrees cephalad
What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees cephalad
Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?sagittalcoronalsquamosallambdoidal
Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?coronal
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius3 temporomandibular joints1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius 3 temporomandibular joints1, 2, and 3
The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the: lambdoidalsquamosalsagittalcorona
The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:lambdoidal
What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees5 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad5 to 7 degrees cephalad
What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees
When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassetteIPL perpendicular, MSP perpendicularMSP perpendicular, OML perpendicularIPL parallel, IOML perpendicular
When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3
Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 3
What are the two components of a nephron?Renal corpuscle and renal capsuleRenal tubule and renal corpuscleRenal capsule and glomerulusRenal column and medulla
What are the two components of a nephron?Renal tubule and renal corpuscle
What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings The area between the calyces of the kidneys and the medullaThe outer covering of the kidneysThe junction of the ureter and the urethra
What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings
Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only1 and 3 only2 and 3 only1, 2, and 3
Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only
IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:UrolithiasisTraumaPyelonephritisPost-lithotripsy for kidney function
IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:Post-lithotripsy for kidney function
What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?10- to 15-degree posterior oblique20- to 25-degree posterior oblique35- to 40-degree posterior oblique45- to 60-degree posterior oblique
What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?35- to 40-degree posterior oblique
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?RightLeftNeither; a 45-degree oblique is required for the AP oblique of the kidneys
Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?Left
The vaginal end of the uterus is the:FundusCervixIsthmusBody
The vaginal end of the uterus is the:Cervix
The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory ductEpididymisProstate ductUrethra
The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory duct
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: Determine size, shape, and position of the uterus and uterine tubesDelineate lesions such as polyps, submucous tumor masses, or fistulous tractsInvestigate patency of the uterine tubes in patients who are unable to conceiveAll of the above
Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: All of the above

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:vertebral foramen

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?24273354

How many vertebrae make up the vertebral column?24

What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?25 degrees cephalad30 to 35 degrees cephalad35 to 45 degrees cephalad40 to 50 degrees cephalad

What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction (FergusonMethod)?30 to 35 degrees cephalad

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosiskyphosislordosisscoliokyphosis

An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is termed:scoliosis

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints farthest from the IRjoints closest to the IRboth joints equally demonstratedthe L1 to L4 joints closest to the IR

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?joints closest to the IR

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?APlateralAP oblique, RPO and LPO positionPA oblique, RAO and LAO position

Which of the following is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thelumbar spine?AP oblique, RPO and LPO position

What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Lumbar zygapophyseal jointsIntervertebral foraminaPars interarticularisPedicles

What lumbar anatomy should be demonstrated in the lateral projection?Intervertebral foramina

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 AP oblique, LPO position2 AP oblique, RPO position3 PA oblique, RAO position1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?1 and 3

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 thoracic2 lumbar3 sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1 and 3

Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS3 inches posterior to the ASIS2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest1.5 inches posterior to the ASIS and 2 inches inferior to the iliac crest

Which of the following describes the central ray centering point for the L5S1lateral projection?2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to the iliac crest

Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Women cannot be shielded for an AP projection of the:1 hip2 sacrum3 coccyx2 and 3

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? L2L3the ASISthe iliac crests

Where is the IR centered for an AP projection of the lumbosacral spine? the iliac crests

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?horizontal planemidcoronal planemidsagittal planecoronal plane

Which of the following planes is placed perpendicular to the tabletop and centered to the midline ofthe grid for a lateral lumbar spine?midcoronal plane

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular processinferior articular process

Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?spinous process

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?at the pubic symphysis1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysisat the level of the ASISs

Where does the central ray enter the body for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction(Ferguson Method)?1.5 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Which plane is centered to the midline of the grid when positioning for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint?longitudinal plane 1 inch medial to the elevated ASIS

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch2 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1 body2 lamina3 vertebral arch2 and 3

Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1 supports the trunk2 protects the spinal cord3 supports the skull superiorly1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are functions of the vertebral column?1, 2, and 3

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique 1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog”?1 lateral2 AP oblique3 PA oblique2 and 3

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extendedflexedexternally rotatedinternally rotated

How are the lower limbs positioned for the AP axial projection of the lumbosacral junction?extended

The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad

The centralray angle for an AP axial projection of the coccyx is:10 degrees caudad

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—cephalad5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—cephalad8 degrees men, 12 degrees women—caudad

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled:5 degrees men, 8 degrees women—caudad

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:costovertebral jointscostotransverse jointsintervertebral jointszygapophyseal joints

The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the:zygapophyseal joints

The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad5 to 10 degrees cephalad

The centralrayangle for a lateral coccyx and sacrum is:0 degrees

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the symphysis1 inch at the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?2345

When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?4

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?at the pubic symphysis1 inch inferior to the pubic symphysis2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis3 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:transverse processpars interarticularisaccessory processmammillary process

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes is called the:pars interarticularis

Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?L2L3the ASISthe iliac crests

Where is the 35 x 43 cm IR centered for a lateral lumbosacral spine?the iliac crests

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:30 degrees45 degrees50 degrees55 degrees

To demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine, the patient angle is:45 degrees

Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine forthe AP projection?1 flex the hips2 flex the knees3 flex the elbows1 and 2

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralray angle for this projection?15 degrees caudad

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.archesbodiespedicleslamina

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.lamina

The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad

The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is: 15 degrees cephalad

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulumlumbar5, sacral1 joint

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac joint

The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees5 to 7 degrees

The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 3

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees cephalad

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and aPA projection performed. What is the centralrayangle for this projection?15 degrees caudad

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:laminavertebral notchvertebral foramenintervertebral foramina

The vertebral body and the vertebral arch surround a space called the:vertebral foramen

The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:10 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad15 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad

The centralrayangle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is:15 degrees cephalad

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac jointpubic symphysisacetabulumlumbar5, sacral1 joint

The vertebral column articulates with the hip bone at the:sacroiliac joint

The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees5 degrees7 degrees5 to 7 degrees

The centralrayangle for an AP oblique sacroiliac joint is:0 degrees

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following vertebral areas have a lordotic curve?1 cervical2 thoracic3 lumbar1 and 3

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?7122433

How many true, or movable, vertebrae are there in the vertebral column?24

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra

Where is the central ray directed for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?fourth cervical vertebra

Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?OttonelloGrandyTwiningFuchs

Which of the following methods uses a "chewing motion" of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spinein an AP projection?Ottonello

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

The vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra contains the:1 dens2 facets3 spinal cord1 and 3

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?1234

How many foramina are located in each cervical vertebra?3

The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebraelateral projection of the cervicothoracic regionAP/PA thoracolumbar spinelateral thoracolumbar spine

The Grandy method is a(n):lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramenvertebral foramenintervertebral foraminainferior vertebral notch

The openings in the cervical vertebrae for the transmission of the vertebral artery and vein are called the:transverse foramen

The first cervical vertebra is called the:axisatlasdensvertebra prominens

The first cervical vertebra is called the:atlas

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?Selectedglabellomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal linea line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoidprocess

Which of the following lines must be perpendicular to the IR for the AP "open mouth" atlas and axis?a line drawn from the lower edge of the upper incisors to the tip of the mastoid process

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APlateralAP obliquePA oblique

The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?lateral

The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?40 inches48 inches40 to 60 inches60 to 72 inches

The SID for a lateral cervical spine must be a minimum of how many inches?60 to 72 inches

What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees5 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad

What is the centralrayangulation for the AP projection of the dens, Fuchs method?0 degrees

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees60 degrees70 degrees40 to 60 degrees

How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees

How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?30 degrees45 degrees60 degrees50 to 60 degrees

How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those farthest from the IRthose closest to the IRboth sides equally demonstratedthe inferior six closest to the IR

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine? those farthest from the IR

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IRthose farthest from the IRboth sides are equally demonstratedthe inferior side farthest from the IR

Which intervertebral foramina are demonstrated on the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?those closest to the IR

According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the elbowsaffixed to the wristsheld in the handsheld by the fingers

According to the text, how are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervicalspine?affixed to the wrists

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervicalthoraciclumbarsacral

Which vertebra contains both an anterior and a posterior arch?cervical

According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:laterally45 degrees anteriorly70 degrees anteriorly45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

According to the text, the intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine open:45 degrees anteriorly and 15 degrees inferiorly

What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudadperpendicular

What is the centralrayangle for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina? 15 to 20 degrees cephalad

Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?GrandyFuchsTwiningPawlow

Which of the following methods can be used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?Fuchs

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra

Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra

The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:10 degrees cephalad20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees cephaladvariable, depending on the body habitus

The centralrayangle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is:15 to 20 degrees cephalad

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees cephalad

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateralprojection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:3 to 5 degrees caudad

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine? second cervical vertebrathird cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebra

Where is the IR centered for an AP axial cervical spine?fourth cervical vertebra

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expirationfull inspirationsuspended respirationsoftly phonate "ah" during the exposure

The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is:full expiration

What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?45 degrees cephalad45 degrees caudad15 to 20 degrees cephalad15 to 20 degrees caudad

What is the centralrayangle for the PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?15 to 20 degrees caudad

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?1 Ottonello method2 swimmer’s technique3 Ferguson method1231, 2, and 3

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateral projection?2 swimmer’s technique

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?lateral cervical vertebraeAP "open mouth" atlas and axisAP dens, Fuchs methodAP axial cervical spine

For which projection is the patient instructed to softly phonate "ah" during the exposure?AP "open mouth" atlas and axis

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

The intervertebral foramina of the cervical spine are demonstrated on which of the following projections?1 AP axial2 AP axial oblique3 PA axial oblique2 and 3

The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:First cervical vertebraSecond cervical vertebraSeventh cervical vertebraFirst thoracic vertebra

The "vertebra prominens" is the name given to the:Seventh cervical vertebra

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse processon the spinous processon the laminaon the pedicle

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage of arteries andveins. Where is this cervical foramen located?on the transverse process

The second cervical vertebra is called the:densatlasaxisvertebra prominens

The second cervical vertebra is called the:axis

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?48 inches60 inches40 to 48 inches60 to 72 inches

What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?60 to 72 inches

Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?AP axialPA axial obliqueAP axial obliquedorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral

Patients may arrive in the emergency department with trauma to the neck. Which projection of the cervicalspine is performed first, and then reviewed by a physician, before proceeding with other projections?dorsal decubitus (crosstable) lateral

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?to the "Adam’s apple"first cervical vertebrasecond cervical vertebrafourth cervical vertebra

Where should the center of the IR be positioned for the "open mouth" AP projection of the atlas and axis?second cervical vertebra

Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervicalspine?1 lateral2 lateral in hyperflexion3 lateral in hyperextension1, 2, and 3

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degreesmove posteriorly 10 degrees

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head farthest from the IR is:move posteriorly

What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees5 degrees caudad7 degrees caudad5 to 7 degrees cephalad

What is the centralrayangle for an AP thoracic spine?0 degrees

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?sixth cervical vertebraseventh cervical vertebrafirst thoracic vertebraat the C7T1interspace

Where is the IR centered for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique)?at the C7T1 interspace

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch2 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

A typical vertebra is composed of which main parts:1. Body2. Lamina3. Vertebral arch2 and 3

How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?30 degrees45 degrees20 degrees70 degrees

How much is the body rotated from the lateral position to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of thethoracic region?20 degrees

The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:PediclesLaminaeTransverse processSpinous process

The short, thick processes that project obliquely, laterally, and posteriorly on each side of avertebral body are called the:Transverse process

How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the anterior half to the center of the gridcenter the posterior half to the center of the gridcenter the midcoronal plane to the center of the gridcenter the midsagittal plane to the center of the grid

How is the thorax centered for a lateral thoracic spine?center the posterior half to the center of the grid

What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad5 to 10 degrees caudad

What is the centralrayangulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region (swimmer’stechnique) when the shoulder can be depressed?0 degrees

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method1231, 2, and 3

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the cervicothoracic region in the lateralprojection?1. Ottonello method2. Swimmer’s technique3. Ferguson method2

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorlymove posteriorlymove anteriorly 15 degreesmove posteriorly 15 degrees

According to the text, for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer’s technique), therecommended position of the humeral head closest to the IR is:move anteriorly

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees70 to 75 degrees

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?90 degrees

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?spinous processtransverse processsuperior articular processinferior articular process

A unique feature of the cervical vertebra is the location of the foramen for the passage ofarteries and veins. Where is this cervical foramen located?transverse process

Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the headtoward the feethead or foot endvariable, depending on body habitus

Ideally for some exams, the cathode end of an xraytube should be positioned in a certain way totake advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an APthoracic spine?toward the feet

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following vertebral areas have a kyphotic curve?1. Thoracic2. Lumbar3. Sacrum and coccyx1 and 3

If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?5 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees cephalad

If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray mayhave to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?10 to 15 degrees cephalad

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?APLateralPA obliqueAP oblique

The intervertebral foramina of the thoracic spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?Lateral

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?45 degrees90 degrees15 to 20 degrees70 to 75 degrees

The zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine form an angle of how many degrees with themidsagittal plane?70 to 75 degrees

The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:First Cervical VertebraSecond Cervical VertebraSeventh Cervical VertebraFirst Thoracic Vertebra

The "vertebra prominens" is a name given to the:Seventh Cervical Vertebra

According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:DemifacetsNo transverse processThe largest spinous processBifid tips on the spinous process

According to the text, thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical and lumbar vertebrae because thoracicvertebrae have:Demifacets

Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?over the headat the sidesat right angles to the long axis of the bodyvariable, depending on body habitus

Where should the arms be placed for a lateral projection of the thoracic spine?at right angles to the long axis of the body

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:0 degrees10 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees caudad3 to 5 degrees cephalad

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic regionlateral projection (swimmer’s technique), the central ray is angled:3 to 5 degrees caudad

According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?AP Thoracic SpineLateral Thoracic SpineRPO/LPO Thoracic SpineLateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)

According to the text, which of the following projections should be performed with the use of a specially designed compensating filter?Lateral Cervicothoracic Projection (Swimmer’s Technique)

According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposedoverexposedtoo high in contrasttoo low in contrast

According to the text, if lead is not placed on the table posterior to the patient when performing alateral projection of the thoracic spine, the image may be:underexposed

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T5level of T7level of T9level of T10

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?level of T7

Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following breathing techniques can be used for a lateral projection of the thoracicvertebrae?1. Suspended at end of full inspiration2. Suspended at end of expiration3. Quiet breathing2 and 3

Which of the following should be performed to place the back in contact with the table for an APthoracic spine?1. Flex the hips2. Flex the knees3. Flex the cervical spine1 and 2

Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 inch above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders1 1/2 to 2 inches below the shouldersat the level of the shoulders

Where should the superior edge of the IR be placed for an AP projection of the thoracic vertebrae?1 1/2 to 2 inches above the shoulders

What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?10 to 20 degrees cephalad30 to 40 degrees cephalad10 to 20 degrees caudad30 to 40 degrees caudad

What is the centralrayangulation for the PA axial projection of the large intestine?30 to 40 degrees caudad

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine 1 only2 only3 only1, 2, and 3

Which of the following examinations requires the use of time markers on the radiographic images?1 stomach2 small intestine3 large intestine2 only

The gallbladder functions to:produce and secrete bilestore and concentrate bileregulate digestion of fatty acidsbreak down toxins in the blood stream

The gallbladder functions to:store and concentrate bile

Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are advantages of using the double contrast technique for examination of thestomach?1 fewer radiographs are required2 small lesions are not obscured3 the mucosal lining of the stomach can be more clearly visualized2 and 3

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the descending colon?1 PA oblique, LAO2 AP oblique, RPO3 left lateral1 and 2

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

The routinely used methods of examining the stomach include:1 no contrast2 single contrast3 double contrast2 and 3

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?AP, LAOAP, LPOPA, RAOPA, LAO

What is the recommended oblique projection and position for the best demonstration of theesophagus?PA, RAO

What is the length of the large intestine?3 feet5 feet7 feet8 feet

What is the length of the large intestine?5 feet

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are advantages of using the recumbent position for radiographs of theesophagus?1 varices are better filled2 easier to swallow barium3 more complete contrast filling, especially proximal part1 and 3

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axialAP axial

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the right colic flexure?PA oblique, RAO

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are the essential projections for an esophagus series?1 AP or PA2 lateral3 PA oblique1, 2, and 3

Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?SimsTrendelenburg'slithotomyright lateral

Which position should the patient be placed in to insert the enema tip for a barium enema?Sims

The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQRUQLLQRLQ

The spleen is located in the________ of the abdomen.LUQ

Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Functions of the stomach include:1 storage of food2 absorption of food products3 chemical breakdown of food1 and 3

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecumrectumsigmoid colonvermiform appendix

The pouchlike portion of the large intestine that is situated below the junction of the ileum and colon isthe:cecum

One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is: elimination of motionspeed of the examinationproduction of a highcontrastimageproduction of a highresolutionimage

One of the most important considerations for the Technoloogist in gastrointestinal radiography is:elimination of motion

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?PAlateralAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, RAO

Which projection of the stomach demonstrates its anterior and posterior surfaces?lateral

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?PAAP oblique, LPOPA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO

Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the fundus of the stomach?AP oblique, LPO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure? AP axiallateralPA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the left colic flexure?PA oblique, LAO

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are included as components of the alimentary canal?1 anus2 colon3 esophagus1, 2, and 3

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus? 20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 40 degrees

What is the degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection of the esophagus?35 to 40 degrees

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic

For which type of body habitus is the stomach nearly vertical?asthenic

Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are essential projections for examination of the small intestine?1 AP2 PA3 lateral1 and 2

The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

The main functions of the small bowel are:1 digestion of food2 absorption of food3 storage of food1 and 2

The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

The main functions of the large intestine are:1 digestion of food2 reabsorption of fluids3 elimination of waste products2 and 3

According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?12 inches18 to 24 inches24 to 36 inches4 feet

According to the text, how far above the anus is the enema bag placed during a barium enema?18 to 24 inches

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:20 degrees30 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 45 degrees

The degree of body rotation for the PA oblique projection (RAO or LAO) of the large intestine is:35 to 45 degrees

Which of the following contrast media are used for examinations of the gastrointestinal tract?1 air2 barium sulfate3 watersolubleiodinated solution1, 2, and 3

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:respirationperistalsismasticationdeglutition

The contraction waves by which the digestive tube moves its contents towards the rectum are called:peristalsis

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?10 feet12 feet20 feet22 feet

What is the length of the average adult small intestine?22 feet

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following are components of the alimentary canal?1 mouth and pharynx2 stomach and intestine3 liver and pancreas1 and 2

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?inspirationexpirationsuspended respirationslow, shallow breathing

What is the respiration phase for all radiographic exposures of the stomach and intestines?expiration

During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

During an ERCP, an endoscope is passed into the duodenum under fluoroscopic control. "Spot"radiographs are usually taken of the:1 pancreatic duct2 hepatic ducts3 common bile duct1 and 3

Which projection of the colon will best demonstrate the medial aspect of the ascending colon and thelateral aspect of the descending colon when the colon is inflated with air?AP, right lateral decubitus

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecumileumsigmoidascending colon

The vermiform appendix of the colon is attached to the:cecum

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:left colic flexureright colic flexuresigmoid colonduodenojejunal flexure

The ascending portion of the colon joins the transverse colon at the:right colic flexure

The largest gland in the body is the:liverspleenpancreasduodenum

The largest gland in the body is the:liver

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileumpylorusjejunumduodenum

The most distal portion of the small intestine is the:ileum

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PAPA oblique, RAOAP oblique, LPOAP oblique, RPO

Which of the following will demonstrate the duodenal bulb and loop in profile?PA oblique, RAO

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:pyloric portionduodenojejunal flexureright colic flexuredescending region

The duodenum joins the jejunum at a sharp curve called the:duodenojejunal flexure

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic

For which type of body habitus is the stomach almost horizontal?hypersthenic

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:aircarbon dioxidebarium sulfatewatersolubleiodine

The most common contrast medium used for radiologic examinations of the gastrointestinal tract is:barium sulfate

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which projections will clearly demonstrate the right colic flexure?1 right lateral2 AP oblique, LPO3 PA oblique, RAO2 and 3

Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following describes the function of the spleen?1 produces glucagon2 produces lymphocytes3 stores and removes dead red blood cells2 and 3

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valveampulla of Vaterpyloric valvegreater duodenal papilla

The opening between the small intestine and the large intestine is called the:ileocecal valve

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which projections taken during a barium enema will demonstrate the rectosigmoid area?1 lateral2 PA axial3 AP axial1, 2, and 3

The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete bileproduce and secrete insulinproduce and secrete glucagonproduce and secrete digestive juice

The exocrine cells of the pancreas function to:produce and secrete digestive juice

A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiographycholecystographyhepatographyhepatorrhaphy

A specific radiographic examination of the biliary ducts is termed:cholangiography

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?PAAPAP, Trendelenburg's positionAP, R lateral decubitus

Which projection of the stomach would best demonstrate a diaphragmatic herniation?AP, Trendelenburg's position

The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:ascending colondescending colonR colic flexuretransverse colon

The PA oblique projection of the colon done in the LAO position clearly demonstrates the:descending colon

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?epigastrium and left hypochondriumright hypochondrium and epigastriumright lateral and umbilicalumbilical and left lateral

Which two regions of the abdomen are almost entirely occupied by the liver?right hypochondrium and epigastrium

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?3458

The small intestine is divided into how many distinct portions?3

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the lateral aspect of the ascending colon and themedial aspect of the descending colon, when the colon is inflated with air? AP, left lateral decubitus

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOPA axialAP axial

Which projection of the colon best demonstrates the ascending colon?PA oblique, RAO

The space between each of the ribs is called the:costal cartilageintercostal spacescostovertebral jointscostotransverse joints

The space between each of the ribs is called the:intercostal spaces

Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12

Which ribs are attached to the vertebrae only?11 and 12

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?571012

How many ribs attach directly to the sternum?7

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic

For which type of body habitus will the diaphragm be at the highest level in the body?hypersthenic

The approximate length of the sternum is:3 inches4 inches5 inches6 inches

The approximate length of the sternum is:6 inches

Which part of the sternum is most inferior?ManubriumHeadBodyXiphoid process

Which part of the sternum is most inferior?Xiphoid process

Which ribs are called the false ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12

Which ribs are called the false ribs?8 to 12

Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum?fifth thoracic vertebraseventh thoracic vertebramanubrium sternijugular notch

Where is the IR centered for a PA oblique sternum? seventh thoracic vertebra

Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which breathing techniques can be used when performing an oblique projection of the sternum?1) Inspiration2) Expiration3) Slow, shallow breathing2 and 3

How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1 inch2.5 inches2 inches2.5 inches

How far is the top of the 14 × 17 inch (35 × 43 cm) IR or collimated field placed above the upperborder of the shoulder for projections of the ribs?1.5 inches

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the xiphoidat the ASISinches above the crest of the iliumat the iliac crest

Where is the bottom of the IR positioned for an AP projection of the ribs (below the diaphragm)?at the iliac crest

What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSlow, shallow breathingSuspend respiration

What is the respiration phase for a lateral projection of the sternum?Suspend at inspiration

How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hipspalm of the hands against the midthighback of the hands against the hipsback of the hands against the midthigh

How are the hands placed for a PA projection of the ribs so that the scapulae are rotated away fromthe rib cage?palm of the hands against the hips

How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is at C7T1Top of the IR is at T3Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notchTop of the IR is 2 inches above the jugular notch

How is the IR positioned for a lateral sternum?Top of the IR is 1.5 inches above the jugular notch

Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 71 to 108 to 1211 and 12

Which ribs are called the true ribs?1 to 7

Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing

Which of the following is the recommended breathing technique that should be used when examiningthe ribs that lie above the level of the diaphragm?Suspended at full inspiration

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 degrees20 degrees10 to 15 degrees20 to 30 degrees

How much is the body rotated for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique)?10 to 15 degrees

The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?sthenicasthenichyposthenichypersthenic

The total movement of the diaphragm will be less for which type of body habitus?hypersthenic

How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?30 degrees45 degrees20 to 30 degrees35 to 45 degrees

How much is the body rotated for an AP or PA axillary projection of the ribs?45 degrees

Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projectionPA projection, RAOAP projection, LPOAP projection, RPO

Which of the following projections would be used to demonstrate the sternum on a trauma patientwho must remain relatively supine?AP projection, LPO

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?48 inches60 inches72 inches120 inches

Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?72 inches

How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?on the left sideon the right sidewith the forehead and nose on the tablewith the midsagittal plane vertical

How is the head positioned for a PA projection of both sternoclavicular articulations?with the midsagittal plane vertical

Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum?locked behind the backstraight down at the sidelocked above the headback of the hands against the thighs

Where should the patient's hands be positioned for an upright lateral sternum? locked behind the back

Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?at the level of T11 inch above the upper border of the shoulder1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder2 inches above the upper border of the shoulder

Where is the top of the IR positioned for an AP oblique projection of the ribs?1.5 inches above the upper border of the shoulder

Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?1 inch lower1 inch higher3 to 5 inches lower3 to 5 inches higher

Ribs lie in an oblique plane in the thorax. How are the anterior ends situated in comparison to theposterior ends?3 to 5 inches lower

The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs? 6121824

The average/normal adult has _____________ ribs?24

Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?AP, supinePA, pronePA oblique, LAOPA oblique, RAO

Which of the following is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?PA oblique, RAO

The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:5 degrees caudad10 degrees caudad15 degrees caudadPerpendicular

The centralrayangle for the PA oblique projection of the sternum is:Perpendicular

The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:bodyxiphoidsternal anglejugular notch

The easily palpable superior border of the manubrium is called the:jugular notch

When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?both joints are demonstratedthe joint closest to the IRthe joint farthest from the IRboth joints—but varies depending on body habitus

When performing the PA oblique projection (body rotation technique) of the sternoclaviculararticulations, which of the joints would be demonstrated?the joint closest to the IR

The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:5 degrees cephalad7 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephaladperpendicular

The centralrayangulation for the PA oblique projection of the sternoclavicular articulation (bodyrotation technique) is:perpendicular

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspended respirationSuspend at full inspirationSuspend at full expirationSlow, shallow breathing

What is the respiration phase for the AP projection of the ribs below the diaphragm?Suspend at full expiration

What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches40 inches48 inches72 inches (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

What is the recommended SID necessary to blur the posterior ribs on a PA oblique projection of thesternum?30 inches

Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which joints articulate with a vertebra?1) Costovertebral2) Costotransverse3) Costochondral1 and 2

The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expirationSuspend at inspirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing

The phase of respiration for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joints is:suspend at expiration

Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following form the bony thorax?1) Sternum2) 12 pairs of ribs3) 12 thoracic vertebrae1, 2, and 3

To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at inspirationSuspended at expirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing

To obtain a more uniform density, the respiration phase for the PA oblique projection of thesternoclavicular joints is:Suspended at expiration

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full expirationsuspend at full inspirationSuspended respirationSlow, shallow breathing

What is the respiration phase for the PA projection of the upper ribs?suspend at full inspiration

Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?ObliquePAAPLateral

Which position would best demonstrate a fracture in the axillary portion of the ribs?Oblique

Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAOPA oblique, LAOAP oblique, RPOAP oblique, LPO

Which projection and body position will demonstrate the sternum through the heart?PA oblique, RAO

The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees5 degrees caudad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees cephalad

The central ray for a PA projection of the upper ribs is:0 degrees

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?second thoracic vertebrathird thoracic vertebramanubrium sternibody of the sternum

Where is the center of the IR positioned for a PA projection of sternoclavicular joints?third thoracic vertebra

How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?10 degrees20 degrees5 to 10 degrees15 to 20 degrees

How much should the body be rotated for a PA oblique projection of the sternum?15 to 20 degrees

Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?hyoidcoronalsagittalsquamosal

Which skull suture is located between the parietal bones?sagittal

Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?acanthiomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal linementomeatal line

Which line should be placed parallel to the plane of the IR for the SMV projection of the cranialbase?infraorbitomeatal line

Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin 1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which parts of the patient's face touch the table for a PA axial projection (Caldwell method)?1 forehead2 nose3 chin1 and 2

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axialprojection, Haas Method of the skull?25 degrees cephalad

Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?sagittaltransversemidsagittalmidcoronal

Which plane of the head is placed parallel to the plane of the IR for a lateral projection of the skull?midsagittal

Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?TowneCaldwellSchüllerWaters

Which method of examining the skull will demonstrate the petrous ridges in the lowerthirdofthe orbits, the ethmoid and frontal sinuses, and the crista galli?Caldwell

All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillaefrontalsphenoidoccipital

All of the following are cranial bones except the:maxillae

If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?acanthiomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal linementomeatal line

If the patient cannot flex the neck to place the orbitomeatal line perpendicular to the IR for an AP axial(Towne) projection, which line should be placed perpendicular?infraorbitomeatal line

The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:1 inch below the EAM2 inches below the EAM1 inch above the EAM2 inches above the EAM

The central ray and center of the IR position for a lateral projection of the skull is:2 inches above the EAM

Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following bones is contained in the floor of the cranium?1 ethmoid2 sphenoid3 temporal1, 2, and 3

For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the: mentomeatal lineorbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineacanthiomeatal line

For an SMV projection of the cranial base, the central ray should always be perpendicular to the:infraorbitomeatal line

The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:sulcisuturesdiploëfontanels

The six areas of incomplete ossification in a newborn infant's skull are called the:fontanels

If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?15 degrees caudad30 degrees caudad37 degrees caudad45 degrees caudad

If the infraorbitomeatal line is placed perpendicular to the IR during an AP axial (Towne) projection ofthe skull, how much is the central ray angled?37 degrees caudad

Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following is true regarding the lateral projection of the skull?1 the midsagittal plane of the head is parallel to the plane of the IR2 the interpupillary line is perpendicular to the IR3 the mentomeatal line is parallel with the bottom edge of the IR 1 and 2

The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is: 5 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad12 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad

The centralrayangle for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the skull is:15 degrees caudad

Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?temporaloccipitalparietalforamen magnum

Which bone has condyles that articulate with the atlas of the cervical spine?occipital

The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called: jointsbursaesuturescartilage

The cranial bones are rigidly jointed together by articulations called:sutures

How many bones make up the cranium?46810

How many bones make up the cranium?8

The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?temporalsphenoidoccipitalparietal

The posterior half of the base of the skull is formed by which bone?occipital

Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing? temporalsphenoidoccipitalethmoid

Which bone in the skull contains the auditory organs and the organs of hearing?temporal

Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal lineinfraorbitomeatal lineglabellomeatal lineacanthiomeatal line

Which of the following lines is placed perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection?orbitomeatal line

Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?HaasRheseTowneSchüller

Radiographic demonstration of the cranial base is performed by which method?Schüller

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull? 15 degrees cephalad10 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad15 degrees caudad

How many degrees and in which direction should the centralraybe angled for the PA axial (Caldwell)projection of the skull?15 degrees caudad

Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?10 degrees caudad15 degrees cephalad10 to 15 degrees caudad10 to 15 degrees cephalad

Often a patient cannot be turned into the prone position for a PA axial projection of the skull (Caldwellmethod). What centralrayangle would be used if the AP axial projection is used instead?15 degrees cephalad

What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees caudad25 degrees cephalad30 degrees caudad30 degrees cephalad

What is the average centralrayangulation for the PA axial (Haas) projection of the skull?25 degrees cephalad

Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?sagittalcoronalsquamosallambdoidal

Which skull suture is found between the frontal and parietal bones?coronal

Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius3 temporomandibular joints1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following should be seen nearlysuperimposedon a lateral projection of the skull?1 orbital roofs2 external acoustic meatius 3 temporomandibular joints1, 2, and 3

The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the: lambdoidalsquamosalsagittalcorona

The suture located between the occipital bone and the parietal bones is the:lambdoidal

What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees5 degrees caudad5 degrees cephalad5 to 7 degrees cephalad

What is the centralrayangulation for the SMV projection?0 degrees

When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassetteIPL perpendicular, MSP perpendicularMSP perpendicular, OML perpendicularIPL parallel, IOML perpendicular

When positioning the recumbent lateral skull, which is true?IPL is perpendicular, IOML is parallel to the transverse axis of the cassette

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 21 and 32 and 31, 2, and 3

Which of the following is clearly demonstrated within the foramen magnum during an AP axial(Towne) projection of the skull?1 dorsum sellae2 sella turcica3 posterior clinoid processes1 and 3

What are the two components of a nephron?Renal corpuscle and renal capsuleRenal tubule and renal corpuscleRenal capsule and glomerulusRenal column and medulla

What are the two components of a nephron?Renal tubule and renal corpuscle

What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings The area between the calyces of the kidneys and the medullaThe outer covering of the kidneysThe junction of the ureter and the urethra

What is the trigone?The triangular area at bladder base between the three openings

Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only1 and 3 only2 and 3 only1, 2, and 3

Contraindications to compression during excretory urography include:1. Suprapubic catheter2. Presence of urinary stones3. Hypertension1 and 2 only

IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:UrolithiasisTraumaPyelonephritisPost-lithotripsy for kidney function

IVU examinations are used to evaluate all of the following, except:Post-lithotripsy for kidney function

What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?10- to 15-degree posterior oblique20- to 25-degree posterior oblique35- to 40-degree posterior oblique45- to 60-degree posterior oblique

What position is used for the AP oblique projection for cystourethrography of a male patient?35- to 40-degree posterior oblique

Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?RightLeftNeither; a 45-degree oblique is required for the AP oblique of the kidneys

Which kidney is placed parallel to the IR in the AP oblique projection, 30-degree RPO position?Left

The vaginal end of the uterus is the:FundusCervixIsthmusBody

The vaginal end of the uterus is the:Cervix

The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory ductEpididymisProstate ductUrethra

The junction of the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicle forms the:Ejaculatory duct

Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: Determine size, shape, and position of the uterus and uterine tubesDelineate lesions such as polyps, submucous tumor masses, or fistulous tractsInvestigate patency of the uterine tubes in patients who are unable to conceiveAll of the above

Hysterosalpingography may be performed to: All of the above

What is the central ray angulation for the lateral projection of the cervicothoracic region swimmer's view when the shoulder can be well depressed?

When the shoulder is immobile and cannot be depressed sufficiently for the cervicothoracic region lateral projection (swimmer's technique), the central ray is angled: a. 10 to 20 degrees cephalad.

Where does the central ray enter for a lateral projection of the cervical spine?

positioning c-spine.

What is the central ray angle for an AP thoracic spine quizlet?

The central ray angle for the AP axial cervical vertebrae is. 15-20 degrees cephalic.