When a sample accurately reflects the characteristics of the population it is said to be what?

AB
survey research method in which people respond to questions
population a group of people with certain specified characteristics
sample a group of people that represent a larger population
representative sample a sample that accurately reflects the chracteristics of the population as a whole
questionnaire a written set of questions to be answered by a research participant
interview a survey method in which a trained researcher asks questions and records the answers
closed-ended questions questions a person must answer by choosing from a limited, predetermined set of responses
open-ended questions questions a person is to answer in his or her own words
secondary analysis using precollected information for data collections and research purposes
field research research that takes place in a natural (nonlaboratory) setting
case study intensive study of a single group, incident, or community
participant observation a case study where the researcher becomes a member of the group being studied
mode number that occurs most frequently
median number that divides a series of values in half
mean average
multiple causation the belief that an event occurs as a result of several factors working in combination
causation the belief that events occur in predictable ways and that one event leads to another
variable a characteristic that is subject to change
quantitative variable a characteristic that can be measured numerically
qualitative variable a characteristic that is defined by its presence or absence in a category
independent variable a characteristic that causes something to occur
dependent variable a characteristic that reflects a change
intervening variable a variable that changes the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable
correlation a measure of the realationship between two variables
negative correlation variables change in opposite directions
positive correlation both variables move in the same directions
spurious correlations a relationship between two variables that is actually caused by a third factor
scientific method the recognition and formulation of a problem, the collection of data through observation and experiment, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses
hypothesis testable statement of relationships among variables
Survey Disadvantage Expensive to produce and distribute
Survey Advantage responses can be easily compared
Secondary Analysis Advantage Inexpensive
Secondary Anaylsis Disadvantage Outdated information
Survey Advantage Inofrmation on large numbers of people
Case Study Advantage Provides depth of understanding from group members' viewpoint
Case Study Disadvantage Takes lots of time
Qualitative Research Case study
Quantitative Research Survey, Secondary Analysis, and Experiments
Case Study Advantage Unexpected discoveries and new insights can be incorporated
Case Study Disadvantage Presence of researcher can influence results
Case Study Advantage Permits the study of social behavior not feasible with quantitative methods
Case Study Disadvantage Hard to duplicate
Case Study Disadvantage Difficult to generalize findings from one group to another group
Sociology Code of Ethics Show Objectivity
Sociology Code of Ethics Protecting the rights, privacy, integrity, dignity, and freedom of research subjects
Sociology Code of Ethics Report findings and methods truthfully
Standards for showing Causation Two variable must be correlated
Standards for showing Causation All other possible factors must be taken into account
Standards for showing Causation A change in the independent variable must occur before a change in the dependent variable can occur.

Does a sample reflect the population?

A sample should represent the population as a whole and not reflect any bias toward a specific attribute. There are several sampling techniques used by researchers and statisticians, each with its own benefits and drawbacks.

What are the characteristics of sample and population?

A population is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about. A sample is the specific group that you will collect data from. The size of the sample is always less than the total size of the population. In research, a population doesn't always refer to people.

What is also known as a representative sample?

The correct solution is "Non-Probability Sampling".

What are the defining characteristics of a sample?

A sample is a smaller, manageable version of a larger group. It is a subset containing the characteristics of a larger population. Samples are used in statistical testing when population sizes are too large for the test to include all possible members or observations.