What was the agreement that ended the war between the United States and North Vietnam quizlet?

Recommended textbook solutions

Ways of the World: A Global History

3rd EditionRobert W. Strayer

232 solutions

U.S. History

1st EditionJohn Lund, Paul S. Vickery, P. Scott Corbett, Todd Pfannestiel, Volker Janssen

567 solutions

America's History for the AP Course

8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self

470 solutions

America's History for the AP Course

9th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self

961 solutions

Recommended textbook solutions

America's History for the AP Course

9th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self

961 solutions

America's History for the AP Course

8th EditionEric Hinderaker, James A. Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, Robert O. Self

470 solutions

Western Civilization

9th EditionJackson J. Spielvogel

651 solutions

World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Since 1200, AP Edition

8th EditionMarc Jason Gilbert, Michael Adas, Peter Stearns, Stuart B. Schwartz

263 solutions

-Throughout the spring of 1965, groups at a number of colleges began to host "teach-ins" to protest the war. Protest grew and divided the country

The Movement Grows:
-In 1965, SDS helped organize a march on Washington DC. In 1966, the Johnson administration changed deferments for college students, requiring students to be in good academic standing in order to be granted deferments. Campuses around the country erupted with protest. SDS called for civil disobedience at Selective Service Centers and openly counseled students to flee to Canada or Sweden.
-Youths opposed the war for different reasons. One, because US was involved in a war that had no business with. Some said that the oppressive South Vietnamese regime was better than the communist regime it was fighting. Others argue that the US could not police the entire globe and that war was draining American strength in other important parts of the world.

From Protest to Resistance:
-By 1967, the antiwar movement had intensified, with no sign of slowing down.
-Draft resistance continued from 1967 until President Nixon phased out the draft in early 1970s. During these years, the US government accused many and drafted many for refusing to enter war.
-In October 1967, a demonstration in Washington's Lincoln Memorial drew about 75,000 protestors. They all linked arms for a march on the pentagon in order to disrupt the center of the American war machine. -Many people broke passed the police and mounted the pentagon steps in which they were meet with tear gas and clubs.

-January 30 was the day of the lunar New Year called, Tet. People would go into cities to celebrate the festival. However, it was also a day for many funerals of soldiers which included firecrackers and coffin
-Many of the Villagers were Vietcong agents and inside the coffin were weapons. That night the Vietcong launch an attack over 100 town and cities in South Vietnam, as well as 12 US air bases. The Tet Offensive continued for about a month before the US and South Vietnamese forces regained control of the cities.
-General Westmoreland declared the attacks an overwhelming defeat for the Vietcong because they lost about 32,000 men.
-However, it still had a large impact in a psychological and political viewpoint. The attack shook the American public, which had been told repeatedly and had come to believe that the enemy was close to defeat. This widen the Johnson's administration credibility gap, that would never be restored.

Tet Changes Public Opinion:
-After the surprise attack, it changed the mines of many Americas.
-Clark Clifford: Filled in the spot of defense secretary position that was left vacant by Robert McNamara. After settling in, he concluded that the war was unwinnable.
-Following the Tet Offensive, Johnson's popularity dropped. Many people regret the decision to enter war and many disagree with Johnson's way of handling the situation

-An antiwar coalition within the Democratic Party had sought a Democratic candidate to challenge Johnson in the 1968 primary election.
-[ Robert Kennedy], JFK's brother decided not to run, citing party loyalty.
-Instead in 1967, Minnesota senator, [ Eugene McCarthy answered the group's call, declaring that he would run against Johnson in order to end the war in Vietnam.
-McCarthy's campaign attracted little notice, but after the Tet it picked up. McCarthy captured 42 percent of the vote while Johnson received 48 percent. While Johnson won the primary, the slim margin of victory was viewed as a defeat for the president. Influenced by Johnson's perceived weakness in the polis, Robert Kennedy declared his candidacy for president. The Democratic Party had become a house divided.
-On March 31, 1968, Johnson announced a changed of Vietnam policy0 the united state would seek negotiations to end the war.
-In the meantime, the policy of US escalation would end, the bombing would eventually cease, and steps would be taken to ensure that the South Vietnamese played a larger role in the war.
-Johnson also announced that he would step down from the elections.

Violence and Protest Grip the Nation:
-After Martin Luther King Jr. died, violence ripped through more that 100 US cities as enraged followers of the slain civil rights leader burned buildings and destroyed neighbors.
-Robert Kennedy had become a strong candidate in the Democratic primary. On June 4, Kennedy won the crucial California primary. After his speech on June 5, a Palestinian immigrant, Sirhan Sirhan, was hiding a gun. He was angry by Kennedy's support of Israel, and shot the senator.
-Meanwhile, the nation's college campuses continued to protest. Many target US involvement in Vietnam, students also clashed with university official over campus and social issues.

-The growing division over Vietnam led to a shacking political development in the spring of 1968, a season in which Americans also endured two assassination, a series of urban riots and a surge in college campus protest

-The chaos and violence of 1968 climaxed in August, when thousands of antiwar demonstrators converged on the city of Chicago to protest at the Democratic National Convention. The convention, which featured a bloody riot between protestors and policy fractured the Democratic Party and thus helped forgotten Republican win the White House.

Turmoil in Chicago:
-With Johnson gone and Kennedy gone. It was Democratic Eugene McCarthy against Hubert Humphrey, Johnson's vice president.
-McCarthy was still popular with the antiwar segment and had little chance of defeating Humphrey.
-During the last week of August, the Democrats met at their convention in Chicago, supposedly to choose a candidate. As the delegates arrived so did protestors.
-Led by men such as SDS veteran Tom Hayden, many demonstrators sought to pressure the Democrats into adopting an antiwar platform. Others came to voice displeasure with Humphrey's nomination. Still others, known as Yippies (members of the Youth International Platform), had come to provoke violence that might discredit the Democratic Party.
-Disorder of a different kind reigned inside the convention hall, where delegates bitterly debated an antiwar plank in the party platform. When the word of riot filtered into the hall, delegates angrily shouted at Tom Daley. The image of the Democrats-both inside and outside the convention hall- as a party of disorder became etched in the minds of millions of Americans.

Nixon Triumphs:
-By 1968, Richard Nixon had achieved one of the greatest political comebacks in American politics. In 1966m Nixon campaigned for Republican candidate in congressional elections, helping them to win back 47 seats and 3 senate seats. In 1968, Nixon announced his candidacy for presidency and won the party's nomination.
-Nixon campaigned to restore law and order, which appealed to many middle-class Americans tired of years of riots and protest. He promised, in vague but appealing terms, to end the war in Vietnam.
-Nixon's candidacy was helped by the entry of former Alabama governor George Wallace into the race as a third-party candidate. Wallace, a Democrat running on the American Independent Party ticket, was a longtime champion of school segregation and states' rights.
-In the end Nixon defeated Humphrey and inherited the quagmire in Vietnam. He would soon end conflict in Vietnam, but not before his war policies created even more protest and uproar within the country.

-Nixon won reelection but the promised peace proved to be elusive.
-The Thieu regime, alarmed at the prospect of North Vietnamese troops stationed in South Vietnam, rejected Kissinger's plan. Talks were broken off and two days later, the president announces intense bombing against Hanoi and Haiphong, the two largest cities in North Vietnam. Bombs were dropped over the course of 11 days.
-At this point, calls to end the world were coming from all around. In 1973 US signed an agreement to end the war and restoring peace in Vietnam. Under this, North Vietnamese troops would remain in South Vietnam. However, Nixon promised to respond with full force to any violation of the peace agreement. On March 29,1973, the last US combat troops left for home. For America, the war had ended.
-In March 1972, North Vietnam launched its largest attack on South Vietnam. Nixon offered a massive bombing campaign on North Vietnam cities. He also ordered that the mines be laid in Haiphong harbor, the North's largest harbor, into which Soviet and Chinese ships brought supplies.
-End to the war

-The war left Southeast Asia highly unstable, which led to further war in Cambodia. In America, a divided nation attempted to come to grips with an unsuccessful war. In the end, the conflict in Vietnam left many Americans with a more cautious outlook on foreign affairs and a more cynical attitude toward their government.

American Veterans Cope Back Home:
-While soldiers began to come home, the nation as a whole extended a cold hand to its returning Vietnam Veterans. They were faced with hospitality and bitterness from American still bitter about the war
-Many Veterans readjusted to civilian life with success. Although some had nightmare and posttraumatic stress disorder. Some had addiction to drugs while other committed suicide

Further Turmoil in Southeast Asia:
-The end of the war brought a new period of violence and chaos in Southeast Asia.
-Communist now took over Vietnam and imprisoned more that 400,000 South Vietnamese in harsh reeducation or labor camps. Many citizens decided to flee, many on boats in which many did not survive.
-War in Vietnam also unleashed a civil war in Cambodia. The communist group known as Khmer Rouge, led by Pol Pot, seized power in 1975. In an effort to transform the country into a peasant society, the Khmer Rouge executed professionals and anyone with education or foreign ties.

The Legacy of Vietnam:
-Still a great controversy in America. Many hawks continued to insist that war could had been won if the US had employed more military power. They also blamed the antiwar movement at home for destroying American morale. Doves counted that the North Vietnamese had displayed incredible resiliency only in a continuing stalemate. In addition, doves argued that a unrestrained war against North Vietnam might might have prompted a military reaction from China or Soviet Union
-US policy changes
-Abolished the draft
-Curbed president's war making powers. War Powers Act: Stipulated that a president must inform Congress within 48 hours of sending forces into hostile areas with a declaration of war. Troops may remain there no longer than 90 days unless Congress approves the presidents action or declares war.
-The war altered the America's view on foreign policy. People now pause and consider possible risk to their own interest before deciding whether to intervene in affairs of other nations.
-Also, the war contributed to an overall cynicism among Americans about their government that could provide as much misleading information or conceal activities as the Johnson and Nixon administration had done. Diminished optimism and faith

What was the agreement that ended the war between the United States and North Vietnam?

What happened at the end of Vietnam War quizlet?

What happened shortly after the United States and North Vietnam signed a peace accord?