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Cephalocaudal principle | principle that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body |
Proximodistal principle | principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward |
Principle of hierarchical integration | principle that simple skills typically develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills |
Principle of the independence of systems | principle that different body systems grow at different rates |
Adolescence | developmental stage between childhood and adulthood |
Adolescent growth spurt | period of very rapid growth in height and weight during adolescence |
Lateralization | process whereby certain functions are located more in one hemisphere of the brain than in the other |
Menarche | onset of menstruation |
Secular trend | statistical tendency observed over several generations |
Primary sex characteristics | characteristics that are associated with the development of the organs and structures of the body that directly relate to reproduction |
Secondary sex characteristics | visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve the sex organs directly |
Sensation | stimulation of the sense organs |
Perception | sorting out, interpretation, analysis, and integration of stimuli involving the sense organs |
Multimodal approach to perception | approach that considers how information that is collected by vicarious individual sensory systems is integrated and coordinated |
Affordances | action possibilities that a given situation or stimulus provides |
Marasmus | disease character by cessation of growth |
Kwashiorkor | disease in which a child's stomach, limbs, and face swell with water |
Nonorganic failure to thrive | disorder in which infants stop growing due to a lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting |
Obesity | body weight more than 20% higher than the average weight for a person of a given age and height |
Enuresis | lack of bladder control past the age when most children are toilet trained |
Nightmares | vivid bad dreams, usually occurring toward morning |
Night terrors | intense psychological arousal that causes a child to wake up in a state of panic |
Created by: bio
Brazelton | A measure designed to determine infants' neurological and behavioral responses to their environment |
Cephalocaudal Principle | The principle that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds down to the rest of the body |
Nonorganic Failure to Thrive | A disorder in which infants stop growing due to lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting |
Kwashiorkor | A disease in which a child's stomach, face, and limbs swell with water |
Marasmus | Sever undernourishment causing an infant's or child's weight to be significantly low for their age (below 60% of normal) |
Multimodal approach to perception | The approach that considers how information that is collected by various individual sensory system is intergrated and coordinated |
Myelin | A fatty substance that helps insulate neurons and speeds the transmission of nerve impulses |
Neuron | The basic nerve cell of the nervous system |
Plasticity | The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience |
Principle of hierarchical integration | The principle that simple skills typically develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills |
Principle of independence of systems | The principle that different body systems grow at different rates |
Proximodistal Principle | The principle that development proceeds from the center of the body outward |
Reflexes | Unlearned, organized, involuntary responses that occur automatically in the presence of certain stimuli |
Rhythms | Repetitive, cyclical patterns of behavior |
Sensitive Period | A specific, but limited, time, usually early in an organism's life, during which the organism is particularly susceptible to environmental influences relating to some particular facet of development |
SIDS | The unexplained death of a seemingly healthy baby |
States of arousal | Different degrees of sleep and wakefulness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation |
Synapse | The gap at the connection between neurons, through which neurons chemically communicate with one another |
Nội dung chính
- Which of the following principle suggests that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds to the rest of the body?
- Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
- What is the principle describing growth that follows a pattern beginning with the head and upper body parts?
- Which principle describes a pattern of development that proceeds from the center of the body outward?
- What is the cephalocaudal principle?
- What is the cephalocaudal and Proximodistal principle?
Which of the following principle suggests that growth follows a pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds to the rest of the body?
This question was previously asked in
CTET Paper 2 Social Science 7th Jan 2022 (English-Hindi)
View all CTET Papers >
- The cephalocaudal principle
- The proximodistal principle
- The principle of hierarchial integration
- The principle of independence of systems
Answer (Detailed Solution Below)
Option 1 : The cephalocaudal principle
Development describes the growth of humans throughout their lifespan, from conception to death. It refers to development as patterns of change over time. It does not just involve the biological and physical aspects of growth, but also the cognitive and social aspects associated with the development
- The development follows a definite and predictable pattern: It follows a definite and predictable pattern. There are orderly patterns of physical, motor, intellectual and speech development. Development is governed by certain laws: Cephalocaudal Law and Proximodistal Law.
- Cephalocaudal: Development of the upper portions of the body precedes the development of the lower portions. The Cephalocaudal tendency exhibits that the development proceeds in the longitudinal direction. This is known as the 'cephalocaudal' or "head to
toe" sequence.
- That is the reason why the child first gains control overhead before she/he starts walking.
- Hence we can say that the cephalocaudal principle suggests that the pattern of the growth begins with heads and upper body parts and then proceeds to the rest of the body.
Important Points
- Proximodistal: The development moves from the centerline of the body outward towards the distant or
peripheral parts referred to as 'proximodistal' or 'near to far'.
- The middle part of the body develops quicker than the outer part of the body.
- Principle of Integration: The principle of Integration refers to the integration of various aspects of development like physical, mental, emotional, social and moral.
What is the principle describing growth that follows a pattern beginning with the head and upper body parts?
This is called the cephalocaudle principle. This principle describes the direction of growth and development. According to this principle, the child gains control of the head first, then the arms, and then the legs. Infants develop control of the head and face movements within the first two months after birth.
Which principle describes a pattern of development that proceeds from the center of the body outward?
The proximodistal principle also describes the direction of development. This principle states that development proceeds from the center of the body outward.
What is the cephalocaudal principle?
Definition. The cephalocaudal principle refers to the general pattern of physical and motoric development followed from infancy into toddlerhood and even early childhood whereby development follows a head-to-toe progression.
What is the cephalocaudal and Proximodistal principle?
According to the cephalocaudal principle of development, the direction of growth occurs from the top (head) to the bottom (feet). However, according to the proximodistal principle, the direction of growth starts from the center of the body (torso, spine) and goes outward (to the arms and legs).