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Terms in this set (8)
Differences
While operant and classical conditioning both involve behaviors controlled by environmental stimuli, they differ in nature.
In operant conditioning, stimuli present when a behavior is rewarded or punished come to control that behavior. For example, a child may learn to avoid touching a hot stove; the stove is discriminative stimuli.
However, in classical conditioning, stimuli that signal significant events produce reflexive behavior. For example, the sound of a door slam comes to signal an angry parent, causing a child to tremble.
Thorndike
Cat box
Law of effect
Response + Satisfaction -> Repitition (MENTALISM)
Skinner
Referred to as the father of operant conditioning
Rejected Thorndike's reference to unobservable mental states such as satisfaction, building his analysis on observable behavior and its equally observable consequences
Empirical approach
"Skinner Box" - pigeons and rats were isolated and could be exposed to carefully controlled stimuli. Unlike Thorndike's puzzle box, this arrangement allowed the subject to make one or two simple, repeatable responses, and the rate of such responses became Skinner's primary behavioral measure.
Invented the cumulative recorder, produced a graphical record from which these response rates could be estimated. These records were the primary data used to explore the effects on response rate of various reinforcement schedules
What are the main principles of operant learning
Response followed by stimulus - Response stimulus learning
Voluntary - operates on environment
Controlled by consequence
To modify manipulate MO of DS and MO antecedent but crucially the consequence
Stimulus evokes the availability of Sr given a response
Changes future probability Sr- / Sr+
Extinction when response does not produce Sr
Pavlovian / Respondent
2 Stimulus followed by stimulus - stimulus stimulus learning
Controlled by antecedent
Reflex relation - automatic / non voluntary i.e (sucking, salvation, blinking)
Unconditioned response
US -> UR
Respondent conditioning
NS + US -> CS
Conditioned Emotional Response (CER)
Little Albert
UCS (Loud Noise) -> UCR (Fear)
CS (Rat) + UCS (Loud Noise) -> UCR (Fear)
CS (Rat) -> CS (Fear) ------> Generalisation
Can also be positive
Respondent Conditioning
Repeated presentation of CS in absence of US
Reduction in reflex strength
Systematic desensitization
Examples of respondent and operant interactions
Little Albert
Stimulus can function as a conditioned punisher evoking CER , and MO that establishes escape as a Sr- which is an operant process
People who punish become conditoned punishers themselves -> Sd for fear
Clicker training
Sit Command-> Response -> Click -> Reward
............................................................Respondent ->
.................................Operant ------------------->
Respondent -------------------------------->
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