What is the detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system called?

Complete sensation in the absence of complete perception is best illustrated by

The detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

Sensation is to _________ as perception is to _________

Patients negative expectations about the outcome of a surgical procedure can increase their postoperative experience of pain. This best illustrates the importance of

Bottom up processing involves analysis that begins with the

Research participants picked one of two photographed faces as more attractive. When researchers cleverly switched the photos participants readily explained why they preferred the face they had actually rejected. Their behavior illustrates

Although Manuel was sitting right next to his parents he smelled a skunk minutes before they did. Apparently Manuel had a lower ________ for skunk odor than his parents have.

During a hearing test many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that mr. Antall could hardly detect them. These sounds were below mr antalls

Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds

Which theory can beat explain why people respond differently to the same stimuli

News about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on people's feelings of being thirsty involved false claims regarding

If the just noticeable difference for a 10 ounce weight is 1 ounce the just noticeable difference for an 80 ounce weight would be ______ ounces

Giulios bag of marbles is twice as heavy as jims. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make jims bag feel heavier it will take 10 extra marbles to make giulios bag feel heavier. This best illustrates

Webers law is relevant to an understanding of

Diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus is known as

After listening to your high volume car stereo for 15 minutes you fail to realize how loudly the music is blasting. This best illustrates

If we could stop our eyes from quivering as we stared at a stationary object the object would probably

The process by which our sensory systems convert stimulus energies into neural messages is called

Why is transduction important to sensation

It converts physical stimuli such as light into neural messages

Dilation and construction of the pupil are

Objects are brought into focus on the retina by changes in the curvature and thickness of the

Which of the following is the correct order of structures light passes through in the eye

Cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina

Bipolar cells are located in the

Which receptor cells most directly enable us to distinguish different wavelengths of light

More light sensitive and less color sensitive than are cones

The area of the retina where the optic nerve leaves the eye is called the

Visual information is processed by

Ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors

The feature detectors identified by Hubel and Weisel respond to specific aspects of ________ stimulation

When looking at the hands of a clock showing 8 o'clock certain brain cells in the visual cortex are more responsible than when the hands show 10 o'clock. This is most indicative of

Damage to the temporal lobe area of the brain essential for facial recognition produces a loss of

The human ability to speedily recognize familiar objects best illustrates the value of

Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by

The opponent process theory

According to the opponent process theory cells that are stimulated by exposure to ________ light are inhibited by exposure to ______ light

The fact that people who are colorblind to red and green may still see yellow is most easily explained by

The opponent process theory

The 130 dB sound of a rock band is ______times louder than 100 dB sound of a nearby subway train

Sound wave vibrations are transmitted by three tiny bones located in the

The basilar membrane is located in the

Cones and rods are two vision as _______ are to audition

Fluid filled tube in which soundwaves trigger nerve impulses

What is the purpose of the eardrum

To transmit sound from the air to the bones of the middle ear

By amplifying soft sounds but not loud sound digital hearing aids produce

After a small section of his basilar membrane was damaged Jason experienced a noticeable loss of hearing for high-pitched sounds only. Jason's hearing loss is best explained by the ______ theory

According to frequency theory

The rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard

Which theory best explains how we perceive low pitched sounds

Frequency theory best explains _______ while place theory best explains _______

How we perceive low pitched sounds and how we perceive high-pitched sounds

A cochlear implant would be most helpful for those who suffer

Sensorineural hearing loss

A cochlear implant converts sounds into

Researchers have identified receptors for which of the following skin sensations

The impact of top down processing on the sense of touch is best illustrated bye

Receptor cells for kinesthesis are located in the

Joints tendons bones and ear

The process of our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus

Process of organizing and interpreting sensory info that enables us to recognize meaningful objects and events

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brains integration of sensory info

Info processing guided by higher level mental processes, we construct preceptors drawing on our own experiences and expectations

Focus of conscientious awareness on a particular stimulus

Failing to see visual objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Fail to notice changes in the environment

Study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli and psychological experience of them

Minimum stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

How and when we detect presence of faint stimulus

What does signal detection theory depend on

Experience expectations and motivations and alertness

Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Activation often unconsciously of associations predisposes our perceptions memory and responses

Minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

To be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant percent not constant amount

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Conversion of one form of energy to another such as sites sounds and smells into neural impulses

Distance from the peak of one light and sound wave to the peak of the next

Dimension of color determined by wavelength

Amount of energy and a light/soundwave we perceive as brightness or loudness determined by waves amplitude

Adjustable opening in center of eye which light enters

Muscle tissue that forms colored portion control size of people opening

Transparent structure behind the people that changes shape to help focus retina

Light-sensitive inner surface that contains receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons

Eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects

Retinal receptors that detect black and white and gray that are used for peripheral vision and are located on the rim

Retinal receptor cells concentrated in the center of the retina that function in daylight and well lit conditions that detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations

Nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain

Optic nerve cells leave eye no receptor cells are located there

Central focus point and right now the eye cones cluster here

Nerve cells in brain that respond to specific features such as shape angle or movement

Processing of problem simultaneously, brands mode of info processing for vision not serial processing

Young helmholtz trichromatic theory

Retina contains three different color receptors red green and blue which can produce stimulation of any color

Opposing retinal processes enable color vision some cells are stimulated by green and inherited by red

Number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a certain amount of time

A tones highness or loudness, depends on frequency

Chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones the hammer anvil and stirrup

The coiled bony fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which soundwaves trigger neuroimpulses

Innermost part of the ear where semi circle canals and vesticular scars are

Links pitch we here to place where cochlea's membrane is stimulated

Rate of nerve impulses traveling up auditory nerve matches the frequency of town enabling us to sense pitch

Caused by damage to mechanical system that conducts soundwaves to cochlea

Sensio neural hearing loss

Caused by damage to cochlea's receptor cells or the auditory nerves

Convert sound into electrical signals and stimulates auditory nerves through electrodes threaded into cochlea

System for sensing position and movement of individual body parts

Sense of body movement and position including sense of balance

Sensory receptors that detect hurtful temperature pressure or chemicals

Spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass the gate is open by the activity of pain signals traveling up small nerve cells when it's closed by activity and longer cells or buy info coming from the brain

Principle that one sends me influence another

Organized whole integrate info into meaningful holes

Organization of visual field into objects and surroundings

Perpetual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Ability to see objects in three dimensions allows us to judge distance

Lab device used for depth perception in infants and animals

Depth cues, retinal disparity, it depends on two eyes

Depth cues, interposition and linear perspective, available to either I alone

Illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

What type of processing occurs when the brain analyzes by starting with the sensory receptors then working up to the brain's integration of sensory information?

What is sensation What is the process by which it works quizlet?

What is diminished sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus known as?

What are the most light sensitive receptor cells?