First stage of the general adaption syndrome; characterized as the body’s immediate physiological reaction to a threatening situation or some other emergency; analogous to the fight or flight response Show
Psychophysiological disorder where the airways of the respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs Stress reduction technique using electronic equipment to measure a person’s involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity and provide feedback to help the person gain a level of voluntary control over these processes Involve the heart and blood circulation system Mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including its cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces Stress hormone released by the adrenal glands when encountering a stressor; helps to provide a boost of energy, thereby preparing the individual to take action Minor irritations and annoyances that are part of our everyday lives and are capable of producing stress Bad form of stress; usually high in intensity; often leads to exhaustion, fatigue, feeling burned out; associated with erosions in performance and health Good form of stress; low to moderate in intensity; associated with positive feelings, as well as optimal health and performance Set of physiological reactions (increase in HR, RR, BP, sweat) that occur when an individual encounters a perceived threat; these reactions are produced by activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system State involving intense engagement in an activity; usually is experienced when participating in creative, work, and leisure endeavors General adaptation syndrome Hand Selye’s 3 stage model of the body’s physiological reactions to stress and the process of stress adaptation: alarm reaction, stage of resistance and stage of exhaustion Enduring state of mind consisting of joy, contentment, and other positive emotions; the sense that one’s life has meaning and value Subfield of psychology devoted to studying psychological influences on health, illness, and how people respond when they become ill Several types of adverse heart conditions, including those that involve the hearts arteries or valves or those involving the inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs, can include heart attack and stroke Hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) Set of structures found in both the limbic system (hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary and adrenal glands) that regulate many of the body’s physiological reactions to stress through the release of hormones Various structures, cells, and mechanisms that protect the body from foreign substances that can damage the body’s tissues and organs Decreased effectiveness of the immune system General sense of emotional exhaustion and cynicism in relation to one’s job; consists of three dimensions, depersonalization, and sense of diminished personal accomplishment Work situation involving the combination of excessive job demands and workload with little decision making latitude or job control White blood cells that circulate in the body’s fluids and are especially important in the body’s immune response Tendency to experience distressed emotional states involving anger, contempt, disgust, guilt, fear, and nervousness Tendency toward a positive outlook and positive expectations People’s beliefs concerning their capacity to influence and shape outcomes in their lives State or a trait that involves pleasurable engagement with the environment, the dimensions of which include happiness, joy, enthusiasm, alertness, and excitement Scientific area of study seeking to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives Judgment about the degree of potential harm or threat to well being that a stressor might entail Field that studies how psychological factors (such as stress) influence the immune system and immune functioning Psychophysiological disorders Physical disorders or diseases in which symptoms are brought about or worsened by stress and emotional factors Relaxation response technique Stress reduction technique combining elements of relaxation and meditation Judgment of options available to cope with a stressor and their potential effectiveness Social readjustment rating scale (SRRS) Popular scale designed to measure stress; consists of 43 potentially stressful events, each of which had a numerical valve quantifying how much readjustment is associated with the event Soothing and often beneficial support of others; can take different forms, such as advice, guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance Third stage of the general adaptation syndrome; the body’s ability to resist stress becomes depleted; illness, disease, and even death may occur Second stage of the general adaptation syndrome; the body adapts to a stressor for a period of time Process whereby an individual perceives and responds to events that one appraised as overwhelming or threatening to one’s well being Environmental events that may be judged as threatening or demanding; stimuli that initiate the stress process Psychological and behavior pattern exhibited by individuals who tend to be extremely competitive, impatient, rushed, and hostile toward others Psychological and behavior pattern exhibited by a person who is relaxed and laid back Negative effects of stress are most likely to be experienced when an emotional event is perceived as ___. Threatening, and no clear options for dealing with it are apparent Between 2006 and 2009, the greatest increases in stress levels were found to occur among ___. At which stage of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome is a person especially vulnerability to illness? During an encounter judged as stressful, cortisol is released by the ___. According to the Holmes and Rahe scale, which life event requires the greatest amount of readjustment? What is one of the major criticisms of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? It does not take into consideration how a person appraised an event Dimensions of job burnout Depersonalization The white blood cells that attack foreign invaders to the body are called ___. The risk of heart disease is especially high among individuals with ____. The most lethal dimension of Type A behavior pattern seems to be ___. Emotion focused coping would likely be a better method than problem focused coping for dealing with which of the following stressors? Studies of British civil servants have found that those in the lowest status jobs are much more likely to develop heart disease than those who have high status jobs. These findings attest to the importance of __ in dealing with stress. Relative to those with low levels of social support, individuals with high levels of social support ____. Tend to tolerate stress well The concept of learned helplessness was formulated by Seligman to explain the ___. Inability of dogs to attempt to escape shocks after having received inescapable shocks Which of the following is not one of the presumed components of happiness? A. Using our talents to help improve the lives of others B. Researchers have identified a number of factors that are related to happiness. Age How does positive affect differ from optimism? Positive affect involves feeling states, whereas optimism involves expectations Is a technique that uses electronic equipment to accurately measure a persons neuromuscular an automatic activity?stress-reduction technique using electronic equipment to measure a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity and provide feedback to help the person gain a level of voluntary control over these processes.
Which term refers to the mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress?Coping refers to “cognitive and behavioral efforts to master, reduce, or tolerate the internal and/or external demands that are created by the stressful transaction” (Folkman, 1984, p.
What did the term stress enter scientific literature?The term stress as it relates to the human condition first emerged in scientific literature in the 1930s, but it did not enter the popular vernacular until the 1970s.
What is a good kind of stress associated with positive feelings optimal health and performance?This kind of stress, which Selye called eustress (from the Greek eu = “good”), is a good kind of stress associated with positive feelings, optimal health, and performance.
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What is a stress reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a persons involuntary?
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