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Terms in this set (83)21.1 Introduction Goal: what does Balance mean for water and electrolytes - state of constancy What two (2) mechanisms maintain this balance? Mechanisms that What does balance result in? it results in stability of the body at all times are water and electrolyte balance interdependent or one in the same? interdependent 21.2: Distribution of Body Fluids Goal: How are body fluids distributed not uniformly, instead they occupy compartments of different volumes that contain varying compositions Water and electrolyte movement between these compartments is regulated for what reason? to stabilize their distribution and the composition of body fluids This next section is on Fluid Compartments ... How much of water weight do families and males hold An average adult Hoe many liters of water is their in the body 40 (this includes dissolved electrolytes) What two major components is this water distributed into? 1.Intracellular fluid Intracellular fluid 63% - fluid inside cells Extracellular fluid 37% - fluid outside cells Interstitial fluid Fluid between cells Blood plasma A fluid portion of the blood that contains 90 percent water and 10 percent other Lymph A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections Transcellular fluid separated from other extracellular fluids by epithelial layers Cerebrospinal fluid Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system. Aqueous and vitreous humors liquid that keeps the eye in shape Synovial fluid Lubricant that makes smooth joint movements possible. Serous fluid lubricates the organs and allows them glide without friction What are the two major factors that regulate the movement of water and electrolytes from one fluid compartment to another 1. Hydrostatic pressure Describe the Movement of Fluid Between Compartments 4 steps 1. Fluid leaves plasma 21.3 Water balance Goal: When does Water balance exists? when water intake equals water output what does Homeostasis require it requires control of both water intake and water output How does water intake vary? (Three ways) The volume of water gained each day varies among individuals averaging about 2,500 milliliters daily for an adult: Describe an average daily intake of water -Total intake (2,500 mL) Describe an average daily output of water -Total output (2,500 mL) Describe the regulation of water intake (6 steps) 1. the body loses as lithe as 1% of its water water normally enter the body through the what? mouth water can be lost by 5 main ways name them 1. Urine (60% loss) describe the events in the regulation of water output during dehydration (6 steps) 1. extracellular fluid becomes osmotically more concentrated describe the events in the regulation of water output during excess water intake (5 Steps) 1. extracellular fluid becomes osmotically concentrated what does the The osmoreceptor-ADH mechanism in the hypothalamus do? it regulates the concentration of urine produced in the kidney 21.4: Electrolyte Balance Goal: When does An electrolyte balance exists? when the quantities of electrolytes the body gains equals those lost name electrolytes that have the greatest importance The electrolytes of greatest importance to cellular functions are the ones that release sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, bicarbonate, and hydrogen ions where do these electrolytes primarily obtained from? These ions are primarily obtained from foods, but some are from water and other beverages, and some are by-products of metabolism how does a person obtain sufficient electrolytes? by responding to hunger and thirst what kind of craving could an electrolyte deficiency cause? a salt craving how does the body lose(output) electrolytes? (3) -The body loses some
electrolytes by perspiring (more on warmer days and during strenuous exercise) What help regulate electrolyte output The concentrations of positively charged ions, such as what are these three ions important for? These ions are vital for nerve impulse conduction, muscle fiber contraction, and maintenance of cell membrane permeability What is particular about sodium ions? Sodium ions account for nearly 90% of the positively charged ions in extracellular fluids please study slide 20 ... 21.5: Acid-Base Balance Goal:
What are acids electrolytes that ionize in water and release hydrogen ions what are bases substances that combine with hydrogen ions What does Acid-base balance entail an why is this important? it entails regulation of the hydrogen ion concentrations of body fluids pH number indicates the degree to which a solution is acidic or basic (alkaline). more acid the solution, the __________ its pH lower The more alkaline the solution, _________ its pH higher study slide 23 ... Strong acids ionize _______ completely and release ______ H+. more...more Weak acids ionize _______
completely and release _____ H+ less...fewer Strong bases ionize _____ completely and release _____ OH- or other negative ions more...more Weak bases ionize ______ completely and release _______ OH- or other negative ions less...fewer what two things could threaten the internal environment in the body fluids Either an what produces more acid than base, give an example normal metabolic reactions Maintenance of acid-base balance usually eliminates acids in one of three ways: name the three ways. 1. Acid-base buffer systems Chemical buffer systems -They are in all body fluids and are based on chemicals that combine with excess acids
or bases. Respiratory and renal (physiological buffers) -mechanisms function more slowly Name the three (3) buffering systems that correspond with Chemical 1. Bicarbonate buffer system Name the two (2) mechanisms the correspond with the Physiological 1. Respiratory mechanism (CO2 excretion) Bicarbonate buffer system -The bicarbonate
ion (HC03-) converts a strong acid to a weak acid Phosphate buffer system -The monohydrogen phosphate ion (HPO4-2)converts a strong acid to a weak acid Protein buffer system -NH3+ group of an amino acid or protein, releases a hydrogen ion in the presence of excess base The respiratory center in the brainstem helps regulate what? it helps regulate hydrogen ion concentrations in the body fluids by controlling the rate and depth of breathing explain what happens if body cells increase their production of CO2... 1.Cells increase production of CO2 Nephrons help regulate what? theyhelp regulate the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids by excreting hydrogen ions in the urine 21.6: Acid-Base Imbalances Goal: Chemical and physiological buffer systems ordinarily maintain the hydrogen ion concentration of body fluids within what kind of pH ranges? Narrow what may disturb the acid-base balance? Abnormal conditions what does Acidosis result from? results from the accumulation of acids or loss of bases, both of which cause abnormal increases in the hydrogen ion concentrations of body fluids what does Alkalosis result from? results from a loss of acids or an accumulation of bases accompanied by a decrease in hydrogen ion concentrations what are the Two major types of acidosis 1. respiratory acidosis and study figures on slide 33
... Respiratory alkalosis develops as a result of what? as a result of hyperventilation Metabolic alkalosis develops as a result of what? results from a great loss of hydrogen ions or from a gain in bases, both accompanied by a rise in the pH of blood process of Respiratory alkalosis (6 steps) 1. anxiety, fever, poisoning, high attitude process of Metabolic alkalosis (4 steps) 1. gastris damage or vomiting with los of gastric secretions Students also viewedAnatomy II - Chapter 2183 terms Mark_Koehl7 Anatomy chapter 2177 terms couchk787 Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance98 terms uredirectingme Chapter 21 Review Questions29 terms esmith_47 Sets found in the same folderRespiratory Organs14 terms shelby_holt8 CH. 24 Genetics A&P262 terms hayleylawrence CH-21 Water, Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance61 terms write2kc Unit 4.4: Cellular Respiration9 terms leahxbar Other sets by this creatorA&P II Chapter 20:207 terms ChantelSilvia Chapter 16 Part 177 terms ChantelSilvia Chapter 15 part 218 terms ChantelSilvia Chapter 15 Part 147 terms ChantelSilvia Verified questions
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What factors are most important and influencing the movement of fluid between compartments quizlet?the major influence controlling the movement of water between intracellular and extracellular spaces is osmotic pressure. sodium concentration is the primary determinant of water location.
Which two factors make major contributions to the movement of fluid from one compartment to another quizlet?Two major factors contribute to the movement of fluid from one compartments to another: hydrostatic pressure and osmotic pressure. Blood vessels, fluid leaves the plasma at arteriolar ends of capillaries and enters interstitial spaces because of the net outward force of hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure).
Which two factors make major contributions to the movement of fluid from one compartment to another?Fluid is moved by a combination of osmotic and hydrostatic pressures. The osmotic pressure results from differences in solute concentrations across cell membranes. Hydrostatic pressure results from the pressure of blood as it enters a capillary system, forcing some fluid out of the vessel into the surrounding tissues.
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What factors are most important in influencing the movement of fluid between compartments quizlet?
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