Scheduled maintenance: Thursday, December 8 from 5PM to 6PM PST
Home
Subjects
Expert solutions
Create
Log in
Sign up
Upgrade to remove ads
Only ₩37,125/year
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
-
Flashcards
-
Learn
-
Test
-
Match
Terms in this set (34)
1) The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?
A) calcium ions
B) potassium ions
C) hydrogen ions
D) sodium ions
D
2) The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.
A) the feeling one might have
after profuse sweating with exertion
B) the unpleasant feeling people have after drinking too much liquor
C) a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water
D) a condition that is caused by high levels of sodium in the extracellular fluid compartment
C
3) Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often
characterized by ________.
A) tissue edema
B) extreme weight loss
C) confusion
D) nerve damage
A
4) Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?
A) antidiuretic hormone
B) erythropoietin
C) aldosterone
D) renin
C
5) Atrial
natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.
A) enhance atrial contractions
B) activate the renin-angiotensin mechanism
C) prevent pH changes caused by organic acids
D) reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention
D
6) Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.
A) a person consumes
excessive amounts of antacids
B) a person's breathing is shallow due to obstruction
C) a runner has completed a very long marathon
D) the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions
B
7) Total body water is not a function of which of the following?
A) age
B) body mass
C) amount of body fat
D) amount of water ingested
D
8)
Which of the choices below is not an essential role of salts in the body?
A) neuromuscular activity
B) membrane permeability
C) secretory activity
D) anabolism of lipids
D
9) Which of the choices below exerts primary control over sodium levels in the body?
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) water levels
D) glucocorticoids
B
10) The fluid link between the external and internal environment is ________.
A) plasma
B) intracellular fluid
C) interstitial fluid
D) cerebrospinal fluid
A
11) Newborn infants have a relatively higher ________ content in their ECF than do adults.
A) iron
B) sodium
C) magnesium
D) bicarbonate
B
12)
Whereas sodium is found mainly in the extracellular fluid, most ________ is found in the intracellular fluid.
A) iron
B) chloride
C) potassium
D) bicarbonate
C
13) Which of the following describes the distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids?
A) K+ mainly in the cells, Na+ in the body fluids
B) Na+ mainly in the cells, K+ in the body fluids
C) equal amounts of each
ion in the cells and body fluids
D) little of either in the cells, but large amounts of each in the body fluids
A
14) Problems with fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance are particularly common in infants because of their ________.
A) inefficient kidneys
B) comparatively low metabolic rates
C) low rate of insensible water loss
D) low daily rate of fluid exchange
A
15) The single most important factor influencing potassium ion secretion is ________.
A) the potassium ion content in the renal tubule cells
B) the pH of the ICF
C) intracellular sodium levels
D) potassium ion concentration in blood plasma
D
16) The term alkaline reserve is used to describe the ________ buffer system.
A) phosphate
B) hemoglobin
C)
bicarbonate
D) protein
C
17) A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates ________.
A) respiratory acidosis
B) respiratory alkalosis
C) metabolic acidosis
D) metabolic alkalosis
A
18) The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.
A)
requires active transport
B) is regulated by osmotic and hydrostatic forces
C) requires ATP for the transport to take place
D) involves filtration
B
19) What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) atrial natriuretic peptide
D) thyroxine
C
20) Which of the following is not a method for regulating the hydrogen ion concentration in blood?
A) chemical buffer systems
B) diet
C) respiratory changes
D) renal mechanism
B
21) Which of the following is not a chemical buffer system?
A) bicarbonate
B) phosphate
C) nucleic acid
D) protein
C
22) Which of the following is not a trigger for juxtaglomerular granular cells to release renin?
A) sympathetic stimulation
B) decreased filtrate NaCl concentration
C) decreased stretch due to decreased blood pressure
D) increased extracellular fluid water levels
D
23) Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid shifts?
A) Nonelectrolytes are the
controlling factor in directing fluid shifts.
B) Electrolytes are not as important as proteins in regulating fluid shifts in the body.
C) Electrolytes have greater osmotic power than nonelectrolytes and therefore have the greatest ability to cause fluid shifts.
D) There are always more positive electrolytes than negative in a solution; it is therefore impossible to follow fluid shifts.
C
24) Which of
the following hormones is important in stimulating water conservation in the kidneys?
A) aldosterone
B) progesterone
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) atrial natriuretic peptide
C
25) The maintenance of the proper pH of the body fluids may be the result of ________.
A) the control of respiratory ventilation
B) the operation of the various buffer systems in the stomach
C) the active secretion of OH-
into the filtrate by the kidney tubule cells
D) control of the acids produced in the stomach
A
26) Which of the following is not a disorder of water balance?
A) excessive hydration due to excess ANP secretion
B) hypotonic hydration, in which sodium content is normal but water content is high
C) edema or tissue swelling, which is usually due to an increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
D) excess
water in interstitial spaces due to a low level of plasma proteins
A
27) The regulation of sodium ________.
A) is due to specific sodium receptors in the hypothalamus
B) is linked to blood pressure
C) involves aldosterone, a hormone that increases sodium excretion in the kidneys
D) involves hypothalamic osmoreceptor detection of ion concentration
B
28) Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?
A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
B
29) A patient is breathing slowly and blood pH analysis indicates an abnormally high value. What is the likely
diagnosis?
A) respiratory acidosis
B) metabolic acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
C
30) One of the major physiological factors that triggers thirst is ________.
A) a dry mouth from high temperatures
B) becoming overly agitated
C) drinking caffeinated beverages
D) a rise in plasma osmolality
D
31) Annie has just eaten a large order of heavily salted French fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology?
A) It will cause a prolonged increase in the osmolality of the blood.
B) There will be a temporary increase in blood volume.
C) She will experience hypotension.
D) There will be a shift in the pH of her body fluids to the higher side of the pH scale.
B
32) The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is ________.
A) osmotic pressure of plasma proteins
B) hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood
C) hydrostatic pressure of interstitial fluid
D) intracellular hydrostatic pressure
B
33) Which of the following does not depend on the presence of electrolytes?
A) membrane polarity
B) neuromuscular
excitability
C) maintenance of osmotic relations between cells and ECF
D) amount of body fat
D
34) The regulation of potassium balance ________.
A) is not linked to sodium balance
B) includes renal secretion, but never absorption
C) is accomplished mainly by hepatic mechanisms
D) involves aldosterone-induced secretion of potassium
D
Students also viewedChapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base
34 terms
erin_justice9
A&P Mastering Chapter 26
53 terms
Shelbyrallen
A&P Ch. 26- Pearson
53 terms
Jennaleria
A&P Ch. 26- Pearson
89 terms
fabiolaguevara
Sets found in the same folderChapter 26: Fluid, Electrolyte, Acid-Base
34 terms
erin_justice9
Anatomy Final Multiple Choice Pt 2
55 terms
mbrez
A&P Ch. 26- Pearson
89 terms
fabiolaguevara
Chp 26
35 terms
Clay_Aus
Other sets by this creatorWritten Exam 2-Practice Software Configuration
58 terms
kostavel
Written Exam 2-Practice Hardware Configuration
47 terms
kostavel
Chapter 13 Networking
12 terms
kostavel
Chapter 17 Internet
14 terms
kostavel
Verified questions
chemistry
Using 1-bromobutane and any necessary organic or inorganic reagents, suggest efficient syntheses of each of the following alcohols: (a) 1-Pentanol (b) 2-Hexanol (c) 1-Phenyl-1-pentanol (d) 1-Butylcyclobutanol
Verified answer
chemistry
After 1 minute, half the radioactive nucles remain from an original sample of six nuclei. Is it valid to conclude that $t_{1 / 2}$ equals 1 minute? Would this conclusion be valid if the original sample contained $6 \times 10^{12}$ nuclei? Explain.
Verified answer
chemistry
Assign Cahn–Ingold–Prelog rankings to the following sets of substituents:
Verified answer
health
In this passage, the word novel means F. book-like. G. new. H. beneficial. J. ill-timed.
Verified answer
Recommended textbook solutions
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
Mathematics for Health Sciences
1st EditionJoel Helms
1,674 solutions
Essentials of Medical Language
4th EditionDavid M Allan, Rachel Basco
404 solutions
Other Quizlet setsChapter 4 Unit 11
31 terms
Krista_Chmura
Basic Electrical Circuits I ( EGR-251 )
11 terms
MontieEDU
History Test 1
33 terms
Jennughh
Mechanical Test 3
29 terms
ashley_haub