vanteism · 5 years
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kerchoo | bts & lq
pairing: ot7 x reader x lightning mcqueen genre: s i n, car sex (literally) word count: 13k description: some people frowned upon your lifestyle, but many don’t know how a bottle of oil and willpower will get you what you need.
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books")[1] is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.
Many different authors contributed to the Bible. What is regarded as canonical text differs depending on traditions and groups; a number of Bible canons have evolved, with overlapping and diverging contents.[2] The Christian Old Testament overlaps with the Hebrew Bible and the Greek Septuagint; the Hebrew Bible is known in Judaism as the Tanakh. The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians, believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ, written in first-century Koine Greek. These early Christian Greek writings consist of narratives, letters, and apocalyptic writings. Among Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.
Attitudes towards the Bible also differ amongst Christian groups. Roman Catholics, Anglicans and Eastern Orthodox Christians stress the harmony and importance of the Bible and sacred tradition, while Protestant churches focus on the idea of sola scriptura, or scripture alone. This concept arose during the Protestant Reformation, and many denominations today support the use of the Bible as the only source of Christian teaching.
With estimated total sales of over 5 billion copies, the Bible is widely considered to be the best-selling book of all time.[3][4] It has estimated annual sales of 100 million copies,[5][6] and has been a major influence on literature and history, especially in the West, where the Gutenberg Bible was the first book printed using movable type.
Contents
1Etymology
2Development
3Hebrew Bible
4Septuagint
5Christian Bibles
6Divine inspiration
7Versions and translations
8Views
9Archaeological and historical research
10Image gallery
11Illustrations
12See also
13Notes
14References
15Further reading
1.1Textual history
3.1Torah
3.2Nevi'im
3.3Ketuvim
3.4Original languages
4.1Incorporations from Theodotion
4.2Final form
5.1Old Testament
5.2New Testament
5.3Development of the Christian canons
8.1Other religions
8.2Biblical studies
8.3Higher criticism
14.1Works cited
Etymology
The English word Bible is from the Latin biblia, from the same word in Medieval Latin and Late Latin and ultimately from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία ta biblia "the books" (singular βιβλίον biblion).[7]
Medieval Latin biblia is short for biblia sacra "holy book", while biblia in Greek and Late Latin is neuter plural (gen. bibliorum). It gradually came to be regarded as a feminine singular noun (biblia, gen. bibliae) in medieval Latin, and so the word was loaned as a singular into the vernaculars of Western Europe.[8] Latin biblia sacra "holy books" translates Greek τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια ta biblia ta hagia, "the holy books".[9]
The word βιβλίον itself had the literal meaning of "paper" or "scroll" and came to be used as the ordinary word for "book". It is the diminutive of βύβλος byblos, "Egyptian papyrus", possibly so called from the name of the Phoenician sea port Byblos (also known as Gebal) from whence Egyptian papyrus was exported to Greece. The Greek ta biblia (lit. "little papyrus books")[10] was "an expression Hellenistic Jews used to describe their sacred books (the Septuagint).[11][12] Christian use of the term can be traced to c. 223 CE.[7]The biblical scholar F.F. Bruce notes that Chrysostom appears to be the first writer (in his Homilies on Matthew, delivered between 386 and 388) to use the Greek phrase ta biblia ("the books") to describe both the Old and New Testaments together.[13]
Textual history
By the 2nd century BCE, Jewish groups began calling the books of the Bible the "scriptures" and they referred to them as "holy", or in Hebrew כִּתְבֵי הַקֹּדֶשׁ (Kitvei hakkodesh), and Christians now commonly call the Old and New Testaments of the Christian Bible "The Holy Bible" (in Greek τὰ βιβλία τὰ ἅγια, tà biblía tà ágia) or "the Holy Scriptures" (η Αγία Γραφή, e Agía Graphḗ).[14] The Bible was divided into chapters in the 13th century by Stephen Langton and it was divided into verses in the 16th century by French printer Robert Estienne[15] and is now usually cited by book, chapter, and verse. The division of the Hebrew Bible into verses is based on the sof passuk cantillation mark used by the 10th-century Masoretes to record the verse divisions used in earlier oral traditions.
The oldest extant copy of a complete Bible is an early 4th-century parchment book preserved in the Vatican Library, and it is known as the Codex Vaticanus. The oldest copy of the Tanakh in Hebrew and Aramaic dates from the 10th century CE. The oldest copy of a complete Latin (Vulgate) Bible is the Codex Amiatinus, dating from the 8th century.[16]
Development
See also:
Authorship of the Bible
The
Isaiah scroll
, which is a part of the
Dead Sea Scrolls
, contains almost the whole
Book of Isaiah
. It dates from the 2nd century BCE.
Saint Paul Writing His Epistles
, 16th-century painting.
Professor John K. Riches, Professor of Divinity and Biblical Criticism at the University of Glasgow, says that "the biblical texts themselves are the result of a creative dialogue between ancient traditions and different communities through the ages",[17] and "the biblical texts were produced over a period in which the living conditions of the writers – political, cultural, economic, and ecological – varied enormously".[18] Timothy H. Lim, a professor of Hebrew Bible and Second Temple Judaism at the University of Edinburgh, says that the Old Testament is "a collection of authoritative texts of apparently divine origin that went through a human process of writing and editing."[19] He states that it is not a magical book, nor was it literally written by God and passed to mankind. Parallel to the solidification of the Hebrew canon (c. 3rd century BCE), only the Torah first and then the Tanakh began to be translated into Greek and expanded, now referred to as the Septuagint or the Greek Old Testament.[20]
In Christian Bibles, the New Testament Gospels were derived from oral traditions in the second half of the first century CE. Riches says that:
Scholars have attempted to reconstruct something of the history of the oral traditions behind the Gospels, but the results have not been too encouraging. The period of transmission is short: less than 40 years passed between the death of Jesus and the writing of Mark's Gospel. This means that there was little time for oral traditions to assume fixed form.[21]
The Bible was later translated into Latin and other languages. John Riches states that:
The translation of the Bible into Latin marks the beginning of a parting of the ways between Western Latin-speaking Christianity and Eastern Christianity, which spoke Greek, Syriac, Coptic, Ethiopic, and other languages. The Bibles of the Eastern Churches vary considerably: the Ethiopic Orthodox canon includes 81 books and contains many apocalyptic texts, such as were found at Qumran and subsequently excluded from the Jewish canon. As a general rule, one can say that the Orthodox Churches generally follow the Septuagint in including more books in their Old Testaments than are in the Jewish canon.[21]
Former Prophets
The Former Prophets are the books Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings. They contain narratives that begin immediately after the death of Moses with the divine appointmen
KetuvimMain article:
Ketuvim
Books of the
Ketuvim
Three poetic books
Psalms
Proverbs
Job
Five Megillot (Scrolls)
Song of Songs
Ruth
Lamentations
Ecclesiastes
Esther
Other books
Daniel
Chronicles
Ezra–Nehemiah (Ezra
Nehemiah)
Hebrew Bible
v
t
e
Ketuvim or Kəṯûḇîm (in Biblical Hebrew: כְּתוּבִים "writings") is the third and final section of the Tanakh. The Ketuvim are believed to have been written under the Ruach HaKodesh (the Holy Spirit) but with one level less authority than that of prophecy.[35]
The poetic books
Hebrew
text of
Psalm 1:1-2
In Masoretic manuscripts (and some printed editions), Psalms, Proverbs and Job are presented in a special two-column form emphasizing the parallel stichs in the verses, which are a function of their poetry. Collectively, these three books are known as Sifrei Emet (an acronym of the titles in Hebrew, איוב, משלי, תהלים yields Emet אמ"ת, which is also the Hebrew for "truth").
These three books are also the only ones in Tanakh with a special system of cantillation notes that are designed to emphasize parallel stichs within verses. However, the beginning and end of the book of Job are in the normal prose system.
The five scrolls (
Hamesh Megillot
)
The five relatively short books of Song of Songs, Book of Ruth, the Book of Lamentations, Ecclesiastes and Book of Esther are collectively known as the Hamesh Megillot (Five Megillot). These are the latest books collected and designated as "authoritative" in the Jewish canon even though they were not complete until the 2nd century CE.[36]
Other books
Besides the three poetic books and the five scrolls, the remaining books in Ketuvim are Daniel, Ezra–Nehemiah and Chronicles. Although there is no formal grouping for these books in the Jewish tradition, they nevertheless share a number of distinguishing characteristics:
Their narratives all openly describe relatively late events (i.e., the Babylonian captivity and the subsequent restoration of Zion).
The Talmudic tradition ascribes late authorship to all of them.
Two of them (Daniel and Ezra) are the only books in the Tanakh with significant portions in Aramaic.
Order of the books
The following list presents the books of Ketuvim in the order they appear in most printed editions. It also divides them into three subgroups based on the distinctiveness of Sifrei Emet and Hamesh Megillot.
The Three Poetic Books (Sifrei Emet)
Tehillim (Psalms) תְהִלִּים
Mishlei (Book of Proverbs) מִשְלֵי
Iyyôbh (Book of Job) אִיּוֹב
The Five Megillot (Hamesh Megillot)
Shīr Hashshīrīm (Song of Songs) or (Song of Solomon) שִׁיר הַשׁשִׁירִים (Passover)
Rūth (Book of Ruth) רוּת (Shābhû‘ôth)
Eikhah (Lamentations) איכה (Ninth of Av) [Also called Kinnot in Hebrew.]
Qōheleth (Ecclesiastes) קהלת (Sukkôth)
Estēr (Book of Esther) אֶסְתֵר (Pûrîm)
Other books
Dānî’ēl (Book of Daniel) דָּנִיֵּאל
‘Ezrā (Book of Ezra–Book of Nehemiah) עזרא
Divrei ha-Yamim (Chronicles) דברי הימים
The Jewish textual tradition never finalized the order of the books in Ketuvim. The Babylonian Talmud (Bava Batra 14b-15a) gives their order as Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Daniel, Scroll of Esther, Ezra, Chronicles.[37]
In Tiberian Masoretic codices, including the Aleppo Codex and the Leningrad Codex, and often in old Spanish manuscripts as well, the order is Chronicles, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations of Jeremiah, Esther, Daniel, Ezra.[38]
Canonization
The Ketuvim is the last of the three portions of the Tanakh to have been accepted as biblical canon. While the Torah may have been considered canon by Israel as early as the 5th century BCE and the Former and Latter Prophets were canonized by the 2nd century BCE, the Ketuvim was not a fixed canon until the 2nd century of the Common Era.[36]
Evidence suggests, however, that the people of Israel were adding what would become the Ketuvim to their holy literature shortly after the canonization of the prophets. As early as 132 BCE references suggest that the Ketuvim was starting to take shape, although it lacked a formal title.[39] References in the four Gospels as well as other books of the New Testament indicate that many of these texts were both commonly known and counted as having some degree of religious authority early in the 1st century CE.
Many scholars believe that the limits of the Ketuvim as canonized scripture were determined by the Council of Jamnia c. 90 CE. Against Apion, the writing of Josephus in 95 CE, treated the text of the Hebrew Bible as a closed canon to which "... no one has ventured either to add, or to remove, or to alter a syllable..."[40] For a long time following this date the divine inspiration of Esther, the Song of Songs, and Ecclesiastes was often under scrutiny.[41]
Original languages
The Tanakh was mainly written in biblical Hebrew, with some small portions (Ezra 4:8–6:18 and 7:12–26, Jeremiah 10:11, Daniel 2:4–7:28) written in biblical Aramaic, a sister language which became the lingua franca for much of the Semitic world.[42]
Septuagint
Main article:
Septuagint
Fragment of a Septuagint: A column of
uncial
book from
1 Esdras
in the
Codex Vaticanus
c. 325–350 CE, the basis of Sir Lancelot Charles Lee Brenton's Greek edition and
English translation
.
The Septuagint, or the LXX, is a translation of the Hebrew Scriptures and some related texts into Koine Greek, begun in the late 3rd century BCE and completed by 132 BCE,[43][44][45] initially in Alexandria, but in time it was completed elsewhere as well.[46] It is not altogether clear which was translated when, or where; some may even have been translated twice, into different versions, and then revised.[47]
As the work of translation progressed, the canon of the Greek Bible expanded. The Torah always maintained its pre-eminence as the basis of the canon but the collection of prophetic writings, based on the Nevi'im, had various hagiographical works incorporated into it. In addition, some newer books were included in the Septuagint, among these are the Maccabees and the Wisdom of Sirach. However, the book of Sirach, is now known to have existed in a Hebrew version, since ancient Hebrew manuscripts of it were rediscovered in modern times. The Septuagint version of some Biblical books, like Daniel and Esther, are longer than those in the Jewish canon.[48] Some of these deuterocanonical books (e.g. the Wisdom of Solomon, and the second book of Maccabees) were not translated, but composed directly in Greek.[citation needed]
Since Late Antiquity, once attributed to a hypothetical late 1st-century Council of Jamnia, mainstream Rabbinic Judaism rejected the Septuagint as valid Jewish scriptural texts. Several reasons have been given for this. First, some mistranslations were claimed. Second, the Hebrew source texts used for the Septuagint differed from the Masoretic tradition of Hebrew texts, which was chosen as canonical by the Jewish rabbis.[49] Third, the rabbis wanted to distinguish their tradition from the newly emerging tradition of Christianity.[45][50] Finally, the rabbis claimed a divine authority for the Hebrew language, in contrast to Aramaic or Greek – even though these languages were the lingua franca of Jews during this period (and Aramaic would eventually be given a holy language status comparable to Hebrew).[51]
The Septuagint is the basis for the Old Latin, Slavonic, Syriac, Old Armenian, Old Georgian and Coptic versions of the Christian Old Testament.[52] The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches use most of the books of the Septuagint, while Protestant churches usually do not. After the Protestant Reformation, many Protestant Bibles began to follow the Jewish canon and exclude the additional texts, which came to be called Biblical apocrypha. The Apocrypha are included under a separate heading in the King James Version of the Bible, the basis for the Revised Standard Version.[53]
Incorporations from Theodotion
In most ancient copies of the Bible which contain the Septuagint version of the Old Testament, the Book of Daniel is not the original Septuagint version, but instead is a copy of Theodotion's translation from the Hebrew, which more closely resembles the Masoretic Text.[citation needed] The Septuagint version was discarded in favour of Theodotion's version in the 2nd to 3rd centuries CE. In Greek-speaking areas, this happened near the end of the 2nd century, and in Latin-speaking areas (at least in North Africa), it occurred in the middle of the 3rd century. History does not record the reason for this, and St. Jerome reports, in the preface to the Vulgate version of Daniel, "This thing 'just' happened."[54] One of two Old Greek texts of the Book of Daniel has been recently rediscovered and work is ongoing in reconstructing the original form of the book.[55]
The canonical Ezra–Nehemiah is known in the Septuagint as "Esdras B", and 1 Esdras is "Esdras A". 1 Esdras is a very similar text to the books of Ezra–Nehemiah, and the two are widely thought by scholars to be derived from the same original text. It has been proposed, and is thought highly likely by scholars, that "Esdras B" – the canonical Ezra–Nehemiah – is Theodotion's version of this material, and "Esdras A" is the version which was previously in the Septuagint on its own.[54]
Final form
Some texts are found in the Septuagint but are not present in the Hebrew. These additional books are Tobit, Judith, Wisdom of Solomon, Wisdom of Jesus son of Sirach, Baruch, the Letter of Jeremiah (which later became chapter 6 of Baruch in the Vulgate), additions to Daniel (The Prayer of Azarias, the Song of the Three Children, Susanna and Bel and the Dragon), additions to Esther, 1 Maccabees, 2 Maccabees, 3 Maccabees, 4 Maccabees, 1 Esdras, Odes, including the Prayer of Manasseh, the Psalms of Solomon, and Psalm 151.
Some books that are set apart in the Masoretic Text are grouped together. For example, the Books of Samuel and the Books of Kings are in the LXX one book in four parts called Βασιλειῶν ("Of Reigns"). In LXX, the Books of Chronicles supplement Reigns and it is called Paralipomenon (Παραλειπομένων���things left out). The Septuagint organizes the minor prophets as twelve parts of one Book of Twelve.[55]
Main articles:
Christian biblical canons
and
List of English Bible translations
A page from the
Gutenberg Bible
A Christian Bible is a set of books that a Christian denomination regards as divinely inspired and thus constituting scripture. Although the Early Church primarily used the Septuagint or the Targums among Aramaicspeakers, the apostles did not leave a defined set of new scriptures; instead the canon of the New Testament developed over time. Groups within Christianity include differing books as part of their sacred writings, most prominent among which are the biblical apocrypha or deuterocanonical books.
Significant versions of the English Christian Bible include the Douay-Rheims Bible, the Authorized King James Version, the English Revised Version, the American Standard Version, the Revised Standard Version, the New American Standard Version, the New King James Version, the New International Version, and the English Standard Version.
Old TestamentMain article:
Old Testament
The books which make up the Christian Old Testament differ between the Catholic (see Catholic Bible), Orthodox, and Protestant (see Protestant Bible) churches, with the Protestant movement accepting only those books contained in the Hebrew Bible, while Catholics and Orthodox have wider canons. A few groups consider particular translations to be divinely inspired, notably the Greek Septuagint and the Aramaic Peshitta.[citation needed]
Apocryphal or deuterocanonical books
In Eastern Christianity, translations based on the Septuagint still prevail. The Septuagint was generally abandoned in favour of the 10th-century Masoretic Text as the basis for translations of the Old Testament into Western languages.[citation needed] Some modern Western translations since the 14th century make use of the Septuagint to clarify passages in the Masoretic Text, where the Septuagint may preserve a variant reading of the Hebrew text.[citation needed] They also sometimes adopt variants that appear in other texts, e.g., those discovered among the Dead Sea Scrolls.[58][59]
A number of books which are part of the Peshitta or the Greek Septuagint but are not found in the Hebrew (Rabbinic) Bible (i.e., among the protocanonical books) are often referred to as deuterocanonical books by Roman Catholics referring to a later secondary (i.e., deutero) canon, that canon as fixed definitively by the Council of Trent 1545–1563.[60][61] It includes 46 books for the Old Testament (45 if Jeremiah and Lamentations are counted as one) and 27 for the New.[62]
Most Protestants term these books as apocrypha. Modern Protestant traditions do not accept the deuterocanonical books as canonical, although Protestant Bibles included them in Apocrypha sections until the 1820s. However, Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Churches include these books as part of their Old Testament.
The Roman Catholic Church recognizes:[63]
Tobit
Judith
1 Maccabees
2 Maccabees
Wisdom
Sirach (or Ecclesiasticus)
Baruch
The Letter of Jeremiah (Baruch Chapter 6)
Greek Additions to Esther (Book of Esther, chapters 10:4 – 12:6)
The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children verses 1–68 (Book of Daniel, chapter 3, verses 24–90)
Susanna (Book of Daniel, chapter 13)
Bel and the Dragon (Book of Daniel, chapter 14)
In addition to those, the Greek and Russian Orthodox Churches recognize the following:[citation needed]
3 Maccabees
1 Esdras
Prayer of Manasseh
Psalm 151
Russian and Georgian Orthodox Churches include:[citation needed]
2 Esdras i.e., Latin Esdras in the Russian and Georgian Bibles
There is also 4 Maccabees which is only accepted as canonical in the Georgian Church, but was included by St. Jerome in an appendix to the Vulgate, and is an appendix to the Greek Orthodox Bible, and it is therefore sometimes included in collections of the Apocrypha.[citation needed]
The Syriac Orthodox tradition includes:[citation needed]
Psalms 151–155
The Apocalypse of Baruch
The Letter of Baruch
The Ethiopian Biblical canon includes:[citation needed]
Jubilees
Enoch
1–3 Meqabyan
and some other books.
The Anglican Church uses some of the Apocryphal books liturgically. Therefore, editions of the Bible intended for use in the Anglican Church include the Deuterocanonical books accepted by the Catholic Church, plus 1 Esdras, 2 Esdras and the Prayer of Manasseh, which were in the Vulgate appendix.[citation needed]
Pseudepigraphal booksMain article:
Pseudepigrapha
The term Pseudepigrapha commonly describes numerous works of Jewish religious literature written from about 300 BCE to 300 CE. Not all of these works are actually pseudepigraphical. It also refers to books of the New Testament canon whose authorship is misrepresented. The "Old Testament" Pseudepigraphal works include the following:[64]
3 Maccabees
4 Maccabees
Assumption of Moses
Ethiopic Book of Enoch (1 Enoch)
Slavonic Book of Enoch (2 Enoch)
Hebrew Book of Enoch (3 Enoch) (also known as "The Revelation of Metatron" or "The Book of Rabbi Ishmael the High Priest")
Book of Jubilees
Syriac Apocalypse of Baruch (2 Baruch)
Letter of Aristeas (Letter to Philocrates regarding the translating of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek)
Life of Adam and Eve
Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah
Psalms of Solomon
Sibylline Oracles
Greek Apocalypse of Baruch (3 Baruch)
Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
Book of Enoch
Notable pseudepigraphal works include the Books of Enoch (such as 1 Enoch, 2 Enoch, surviving only in Old Slavonic, and 3 Enoch, surviving in Hebrew, c. 5th to 6th century CE). These are ancient Jewish religious works, traditionally ascribed to the prophet Enoch, the great-grandfather of the patriarch Noah. They are not part of the biblical canon used by Jews, apart from Beta Israel. Most Christian denominations and traditions may accept the Books of Enoch as having some historical or theological interest or significance. It has been observed that part of the Book of Enoch is quoted in the Epistle of Jude (part of the New Testament) but Christian denominations generally regard the Books of Enoch as non-canonical or non-inspired.[65] However, the Enoch books are treated as canonical by the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church.
The older sections (mainly in the Book of the Watchers) are estimated to date from about 300 BC, and the latest part (Book of Parables) probably was composed at the end of the 1st century BCE.[66]
Denominational views of Pseudepigrapha
There arose in some Protestant biblical scholarship an extended use of the term pseudepigrapha for works that appeared as though they ought to be part of the biblical canon, because of the authorship ascribed to them, but which stood outside both the biblical canons recognized by Protestants and Catholics. These works were also outside the particular set of books that Roman Catholics called deuterocanonical and to which Protestants had generally applied the term Apocryphal. Accordingly, the term pseudepigraphical, as now used often among both Protestants and Roman Catholics (allegedly for the clarity it brings to the discussion), may make it difficult to discuss questions of pseudepigraphical authorship of canonical books dispassionately with a lay audience. To confuse the matter even more, Eastern Orthodox Christians accept books as canonical that Roman Catholics and most Protestant denominations consider pseudepigraphical or at best of much less authority. There exist also churches that reject some of the books that Roman Catholics, Orthodox and Protestants accept. The same is true of some Jewish sects. Many works that are "apocryphal" are otherwise considered genuine.
Divine inspiration
Main articles:
Biblical inspiration
,
Biblical literalism
,
Biblical infallibility
, and
Biblical inerrancy
A Bible is placed centrally on a
Lutheran
altar, highlighting its importance
The Second Epistle to Timothy says that "all scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness". (2 Timothy 3:16)[81] Various related but distinguishable views on divine inspiration include:
the view of the Bible as the inspired word of God: the belief that God, through the Holy Spirit, intervened and influenced the words, message, and collation of the Bible[82]
the view that the Bible is also infallible, and incapable of error in matters of faith and practice, but not necessarily in historic or scientific matters
the view that the Bible represents the inerrant word of God, without error in any aspect, spoken by God and written down in its perfect form by humans
Within these broad beliefs many schools of hermeneutics operate. "Bible scholars claim that discussions about the Bible must be put into its context within church history and then into the context of contemporary culture."[68]Fundamentalist Christians are associated[by whom?] with the doctrine of biblical literalism, where the Bible is not only inerrant, but the meaning of the text is clear to the average reader.[83]
Jewish antiquity attests to belief in sacred texts,[84][85] and a similar belief emerges in the earliest of Christian writings. Various texts of the Bible mention divine agency in relation to its writings.[86] In their book A General Introduction to the Bible, Norman Geisler and William Nix write: "The process of inspiration is a mystery of the providence of God, but the result of this process is a verbal, plenary, inerrant, and authoritative record."[87] Most evangelical biblical scholars[88][89][90] associate inspiration with only the original text; for example some American Protestants adhere to the 1978 Chicago Statement on Biblical Inerrancy which asserted that inspiration applied only to the autographic text of Scripture.[91] Among adherents of Biblical literalism, a minority, such as followers of the King-James-Only Movement, extend the claim of inerrancy only to a particular translation.[92]
See also
Bible portal
Judaism portal
Christianity portal
Bible box
Bible case
Bible paper
Biblical software
Code of Hammurabi
List of major biblical figures
Outline of the Bible
Scriptorium
Theodicy and the Bible
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Text
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Text
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Unisex Hoodie
Classic Men's Seen just outside her hotel, Sevigny looked fabulous in a pinstriped two-piece by Mugler that featured a boxy blazer and tight-fitted shorts All I need today is a little bit of Chiefs and a whole lot of Jesus shirt . (Unexpected suiting happened to be a major trend at the Fall shows, so she’s naturally one step ahead there.) The actress dressed up the playful style with a classic white button-up. As for her accessories? Those were extremely on point, too: she carried a tiny quilted bag and square-toe loafer pumps with an ornate heel. (Eclectic, but still polished.) Meanwhile, wire-framed sunglasses and gold hoops finished off the ensemble. Looks like Cannes is officially off to a strong start.Last time FKA Twigs performed as part of New York City’s Red Bull Music Festival four years ago, she took to the stage in a massive hangar space in Brooklyn surrounded by ten dancers who were all decked out in gothic, club-ready Alexander McQueen looks. It’s an undeniably hard act to follow, but the British singer may have one-upped herself this past weekend with her new show, “Magdalene.” Fans were treated to a sneak peek of the spectacular costumes, designed by rising London fashion star Ed Marler, thanks to her stylist Matthew Josephs. He posted an Instagram image of twigs in as a modern day Marie Antoinette, wearing a full taffeta silk ensemble in rehearsals, what he described as a “shirt x robe à la Française.” You Can See More Product: //storehottrend.com/product-category/trending/ Read the full article
#AllIneedtodayisalittlebitofChiefsandawholelotofJesusshirt
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lamaisongaga · 5 years
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FASHION CREDITS: “JUDAS” MUSIC VIDEO
Directed by the Lady Gaga herself and co-directed by Laurie Ann Gibson, the “Judas” music video takes us back to a Gaga-fied version of Jerusalem.
Stylist by Nicola Formichetti and Sophia Phonsavahn. Makeup by Val Garland, hair by Frederic Aspiras and manicure by Aya Fukuda.
And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles… Simon, renamed to Peter (meaning rock). Andrew, his brother. James and John. Brothers named Bo-aner’ges – “sons of thunder”. Philip. Bartolomew. Matthew, the tax collector. Doubting Thomas. James. Thaddeus. Simon. And Judas. The one who later betrayed H.I.M.
One-of-a-kind leather jackets created for the video by Tom Tom Fashions! Their biker helmets were custom-made by Alun Davies.
Mary Magdalene is wearing a bespoke purple version of the same catsuit she wore on Mugler’s Fall/Winter 2011 “Anatomy of Change” runway.
Her purple satin hooded cape and velvet bell-bottom pants are custom-made by Perry Meek.
Large square cuff and crystal-embellished gold belt by Erickson Beamon.
Marianna Harutunian is the mastermind behind both Mary Magdalene's hand-made crown with Swarovski crystals, 24k gold-plated with over 30 crosses on it...
...and matching 24k gold-plated winged cross cuff.
Her heart shades were hand-made in solid 14k gold by Jack’s Eyewear.
Jesus, played by Rick Gonzales, wears a 24k gold-plated thorn crown with hand-carved metal spikes and covered with tiny Swarovski crystals.
His necklace is by Erickson Beamon and it features more than 70 silver, gold and bronze finish, plus Swarovski crystals-embellished crosses.
He also wears a Perfecto jacket by Schott NYC and a bespoke hooded cape by Ayumi Shibata for SLOW.
For the first dance scene Gaga rocks a red velvet bra and matching panties with golden crosses by Perry Meek.
Her red sarong is custom-made by Raquel Allegra (just like the dancers’ outfits) and the red velvet ankle booties from Shoes for the Stars.
Gaga wore two looks from Christian Lacroix’ archives for the video.
Firstly, the black corseted jacket with turtledove faille sleeve “armor-plated” with an embroidered dark gemstone arabesque and ruched black tulle facing is from his Fall/Winter 2008 collection.
She also wears opaque tights by Capezio which she wears mostly throughout the video, boots by Alexander McQueen (more about those later) and a ring by The Dragon Lady.
For the chorus’ dance scene inside the “Electric Chapel”, Gaga wears the black version of the aforementioned Perry Meek velvet cross bra and panties, a Perfecto leather jacket by Schott NYC and tights by Capezio.
Her thigh-high black leather platform boots with silver-tone hardware are from Alexander McQueen’s Fall/Winter 2011 collection.
The dancers wear layered pieces by Raquel Allegra, Dr. Noki NHS and Ayumi Shibata for SLOW.
Please meet Hell’s Angel. This is the name of the blue leather outfit with bandana-lined hood and fringe details custom-made by Alex Noble.
This piece also features several golden studs, a buckled waist and a sacred heart in the middle stitched with Swarovski crystals and studs.
Same Capezio tights and Alexander McQueen boots.
Here’s a look of the dancer’s distressed costumes designed by Los Angeles-based designer Ayumi Shibata for SLOW, inspired by their vintage collection.
Next, Gaga steps onto the stage wearing a dark green velvet catsuit and matching pope-inspired headpiece by Perry Meek.
The red rosette faux fur coat was designed by Adrienne Landau.
She also rocks a cross necklace, The Dragon Lady pearl-embellished cross ring and Mugler Fall/Winter 2011 ponyhair heels.
For the bathtub scene, Gaga wears another bespoke dark-green velvet two-piece by Perry Meek. Tights are the aforementioned ones by Capezio.
Her vintage Versace chain and medusa coin bracelet was gifted to her by a Japanese little monster. I was only able to find a similar version of it.
Gaga’s gold metallic charmeuse dress with gold metallic netting was custom-made by LAPOINTE.
The jewel piece she wears is actually a bolero from Erickson Beamon’s “Mist of Avalon” collection. Gaga wore the bolero part of this jewel (sans the chain mail underneath) as a necklace.
Her meticulously crafted bridal gown in “Dove Breast” satin with “Paseo” embroidered lace dickey and pinafore skirt. Big sleeves haloed in illuminated tulle and knotted in pale candy pink faille - Fall/Winter 2008 Haute Couture show finale number by Christian Lacroix.
The beautifully crafted brass crown with cross and gemstones is archive Erik Halley and tights by Capezio.
Her wrist-length white lace gloves with oversized ruffled cuff and half fingers are custom by Wing & Weft Gloves.
She also wears custom Underground creepers with white scalloped leather detail (basic version pictured above).
#Christian Lacroix#LAPOINTE#Erik Halley#Underground#SLOW#Wing Weft Gloves#Alexander McQueen#The Dragon Lady#Mugler#Adrienne Landau#Raquel Allegra#Erickson Beamon#Alun Davies#Marianna Harutunian#Alex Noble#Shoes for the Stars#Tom Tom Fashions#Dr Noki NHS#Schott NYC#Perry Meek#Capezio#Jacks Eyewear#Versace
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full-imagination · 2 years
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Jack B. Robinson
Jack Burton Robinson, 87, of Spartanburg, SC, went to be with our Lord, Sunday, September 13, 2020 at his home. Born September 17, 1932 in Eastern NC, he was the son of the late Charles B. Robinson Sr. and Alice Fowler Robinson. Over the past 45 years, Jack successfully owned and operated several businesses in Spartanburg County, most notably, Sunbelt Container and Precision Bearing and Machine, which provided opportunities and income for many families in the Upstate of South Carolina. Jack honorably served his country and is distinguished as an Army Veteran of the Korean War. After the war he married the love of his life Donna and they both worked multiple jobs that allowed him to earn his Bachelors of Arts degree from Wake Forest University. Those who knew him know he was a lifelong Demon Deacon. Jack loved his wife Donna and they traveled the world and lived a life together filled with adventure and passion. Jack and Donna also loved golfing and spending time at their beach house with family, friends, and their loyal dog, Zeke. Jack was the wise patriarch of his family. He sacrificially loved his family and cherished his grandchildren who affectionately called him “Papa Jack”. Jack and Donna are members of Fernwood Baptist Church in Spartanburg, SC where he served as Sunday School Teacher and Deacon. Jack worked with Jane McQueen and Ben Wright to establish the Mobile Meals, “Ben Wright Challenge Cup” golf tournament, which has raised millions of dollars over the past 20 years to provide meals and services to those in need here in the Upstate of South Carolina. The family rejoices in the knowledge that our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ has welcomed him home with his words in Matthew 24:40, “Truly I tell you, that whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me”. Well done, good and faithful Servant...Well Done! Survivors include his loving wife of 64 years, Donna Shoffner Robinson; sons, Jack B. Robinson Jr. and his children, John Robinson (Kassandra), David Robinson, Sarah Robinson Ives and great-granddaughter, Olivia Rose Ives, Gregory J. Robinson (Nanette) and their children, Jacob Robinson, Erik Robinson, Sarah Lee, and Kaitlyn Lee; brothers, Tom Robinson, Jim Robinson, and Graham Robinson. In addition to his parents, he was predeceased by sisters, Evelyn Shaver, and Eleanor Walker, and brothers, Charles B. Robinson Jr., Ken Robinson, and Worth Robinson. Funeral services will be 11:00 AM Thursday, September 17, 2020, at Floyd’s Greenlawn Chapel, conducted by The Rev. Randall Wright. Burial will be in Greenlawn Memorial Gardens, 1300 Fernwood-Glendale Road, Spartanburg, SC 29307. A donation in memory of Jack’s life, may be made to Mobile Meals, PO Box 461, Spartanburg, SC 29304 or Fernwood Baptist Church, 200 Fernwood Drive, Spartanburg, SC 29307. Flowers are being accepted at Floyd’s Greenlawn Chapel, 2075 E. Main Street, Spartanburg, SC 29307. Floyd’s Greenlawn Chapel from The JF Floyd Mortuary via Spartanburg Funeral
#Spartanburg Funeral#Funeral Consultant#The JF Floyd Mortuary
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bbiisss · 4 years
Photo
durational ritual rave / performance by BI[S] | PF[S] | MN[S] espaço MIRA | porto | portugal | 240 minutes
IMAGETIC REBELLIOUS | IMAGINE REVOLUTIONIZING | IMMORTAL RETROFLECTION | REPRODUCTION | IMPLANT REDEFINE | IMPROVING REUNION | IMMERGED REFUGEE | IMPACT REPLAY | IMPORTING REALNESS a cult to yves klein | joseph beuys | james lee byars | andy warhol | mårten spångberg | stephen varble | rothko | sahatsa jauregi | sophie street | star nine | ed van der elsken | matthew barney | felix gonzalez-torres | piero manzoni | nan goldin | carolee schneemann | john baldessari | wolfgang tillmans | terence koh | pussy riot | wittgenstein | alejandro jodorowsky | yoko ono | caravaggio | santa rita of cascia | buddha | apollo | gloria of badgeness | jesus | projector | computer | internet | youtube | pop culture | rupaul | nox arcana | derek jarman | live the faith alaska thunderfuck | alexander mcqueen | fatima al qadiri | liv | kate moss | psychic tv | diana ross | jeremiah cymerman | bach | charlotte gainsbourg | sevdaliza | khayef | wool of the king | salem | ark | anohni | justice | steve reich | terry riley | bj örk | lady gaga | the blaze | moisture | philip glass | sunn o))) | madonna | chicks on speed | jess kanda | bon iver | indochine | xiu xiu | sébastien tellier | indila | vitalic | m.a. | etc. | ü
#performance#ritual#rave#art#cult#imaterial#religion
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denisonforum · 4 years
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Why has Tom Cruise been recast as Jesus?
The BibleWalk Museum in Mansfield, Ohio, is a collection of more than three hundred wax figures. Its guided tours include the Miracles of the Old Testament, the Life of Christ, the Heart of the Reformation, the Museum of Christian Martyrs, and Amazing Grace–The Journeys of Paul. There’s also a “Dinner with Grace,” a Bible-themed dinner theater on the property.
Many of the museum’s wax figures come from closed wax museums around the country or were bought from manufacturers that had a surplus. Some were celebrities in their previous lives.
For instance, a wax figure of Prince Charles is now Abel, the murdered brother of Cain. A wax figure of Prince Philip serves as an angel. Elizabeth Taylor is in the King Solomon scene, apparently playing the Queen of Sheba. Steve McQueen and John Travolta have roles as well; Tom Cruise has been recast as Jesus.
Journalists and comedians have made fun of the museum for reusing celebrity figures. However, director Julie Mott-Hardin sees a larger purpose behind the publicity they have received: “Deep down, we believe that God sends each person here, so I want to make sure–as much as it’s in me–that they’re getting out of their experience here everything that God wanted them to get.”
Pastor Brunson returns home
Our post-Christian society is looking for significance in the wrong places. We focus on the celebrities in our culture and miss the ordinary people who are doing extraordinary things in God’s power for God’s glory.
For instance, American pastor Andrew Brunson served for years in Turkey without public recognition or acclaim. He was pastor of a twenty-five-member church in Izmir, Turkey, when he was arrested two years ago and falsely charged with engaging in espionage.
For a time, he was held with twenty-one other prisoners in a cell designed for eight. He lost fifty pounds while in prison.
The pastor faced up to thirty-five years in prison but maintained his innocence throughout his ordeal. “I am an innocent man on all these charges. I reject them,” he stated. “I know why I am here. I am here to suffer in Jesus’ name.”
Pastor Brunson was finally freed last Friday. He told the court, “I love Jesus. I love Turkey.” I don’t know a more succinct or more powerful statement of Christian commitment and compassion. He returned to the US on Saturday, where he met and prayed with President Trump.
British court settles British gay cake case
In other news, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom has ruled in favor of Christian cake makers. In a case similar to the Masterpiece Cakeshop trial last June, two bakers in Belfast, Ireland, refused to make a cake with the slogan “Support Gay Marriage” frosted on its top.
The British court based its decision on Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which includes the right “not to express an opinion which one does not hold.” One of Britain’s best-known gay activists, Peter Tatchell, agreed with the ruling: “In a democracy people should be able to discriminate against ideas with which they disagree.”
Prior to their legal challenges, few people outside of Belfast had heard of Daniel and Amy McArthur. In the face of much negative publicity, the two cake makers have steadfastly trusted the Lord.
After the ruling, Daniel told reporters: “I want to start by thanking God. He has been with us for the last four years.”
“The desire of the righteous will be granted”
If you’re looking for significance, you won’t find it in success. History is littered with people who were celebrities in their day but were soon forgotten. But eternity rewards every person who answers Jesus’ call: “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross and follow me” (Matthew 16:24).
Here’s the paradox: When we choose heavenly significance over temporal success, Jesus gives us whatever success is best for us. After calling us to live crucified lives, our Lord promised us: “Whoever would save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake will find it” (v. 25).
Faithful Christians might live in obscurity, but when it advances his Kingdom, God can elevate our global witness. He can use Turkish oppression or British jurisprudence for his eternal purposes.
And whether the world knows us or not, our Lord will make our lives far more satisfying than we can make them on our own.
Our Father promises us: “Delight yourself in the Lord, and he will give you the desires of your heart” (Psalm 37:4). Jesus taught us: “Seek first the kingdom of God and his righteousness, and all these things will be added to you” (Matthew 6:33). Scripture states that “the desire of the righteous will be granted” (Proverbs 10:24).
“For the Lord and not for men”
We can seek celebrity today. But like a wax figure, temporal success is an illusion.
Or we can “work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward” (Colossians 3:23-24).
Will you work “for the Lord and not for men”? Will you pay any price to follow Jesus today?
Charles Spurgeon: “There are no crown-wearers in heaven who were not cross-bearers on earth.”
The post Why has Tom Cruise been recast as Jesus? appeared first on Denison Forum.
source //www.denisonforum.org/columns/daily-article/tom-cruise-recast-jesus/
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worldsportnewsclub · 4 years
Text
Soccer – Completed Premier League 2018-19 transfers – arrivals, departures & contracts expiring for all 20 clubs
With the transfer window open, Goal brings you all the latest confirmed deals involving the likes of Manchester United, Arsenal and Liverpool
The 2018-19 Premier League season gets under way in a few weeks and there is sure to be a flurry of transfer activity during the summer as clubs attempt to strengthen their squads.
Some of the richest clubs on the planet are involved in the English top tier and the rumour mill is in full flow, with a host of star names linked with moves to the division.
Defending champions Manchester City are already taking steps to bolster their panel, while rivals Manchester United will be hoping to add quality to their ranks as they plot a return to the summit.
Related
Elsewhere, new Arsenal boss Unai Emery will look to shape the Gunners squad in his image as the club looks to life after Arsene Wenger, while recently promoted teams such as Wolves will need to add talent in their bid to avoid the drop.
There is plenty of intrigue around the transfer window, and each of the 20 clubs involved will have different targets in mind. But one thing is sure when it comes to the Premier League: we can expect to see lucrative deals involving some of the best players in the world.
With transfer windows open until the end of August, Goal will keep you up to date on all the latest comings and goings across the Premier League as they happen via this page.
Jump to…
Article continues below
1. Arsenal 2. Bournemouth 3. Brighton 4. Burnley 5. Cardiff City 6. Chelsea 7. Crystal Palace 8. Everton 9. Fulham 10. Huddersfield Town 11. Leicester City 12. Liverpool 13. Man City 14. Manchester United 15. Newcastle United 16. Southampton 17. Tottenham 18. Watford 19. West Ham 20. Wolves
Arsenal signings:
Arsenal departures:
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Bournemouth signings:
Bournemouth departures:
Ryan Allsop (released)
Baily Cargill (released)
Ollie Harfield (released)
Sam Matthews (released)
Patrick O’Flaherty (released)
Joe Quigley (released)
Rhoys Wiggins (retired)
Benik Afobe (Wolves)
Max Gradel (Toulouse)
Adam Federici (Stoke City)
Mikael Ndjoli (Kilmarnock)
Lewis Grabban (Nottingham Forest)
Brad Smith (Seattle Sounders, loan)
Emerson Hyndman (Hibernian, loan)
Harry Arter (Cardiff City, loan)
Matt Worthington (Forest Green, loan)
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Brighton signings:
Brighton departures:
Uwe Hunemeier (Paderborn)
Jamie Murphy (Rangers)
Liam Rosenior (released)
Steve Sidwell (released)
Bailey Vose (Colchester)
Connor Goldson (Rangers)
Robert Sanchez (Forest Green)
Ben Hall (Notts County – loan)
Henrik Bjordal (Zulte Waregem)
Christian Walton (Wigan Athletic, loan)
Steven Alzate (Swindon)
Ales Mateju (Brescia)
Tyler Horby-Forbes (Newport County)
Rohan Ince (released)
Niki Maenpaa (released)
Tim Krul (released)
Billy Arce (Extremadura UD, loan)
Dan Burn (Wigan Athletic, loan)
Ollie Norwood (Sheffield United, loan)
Tomer Hemed (QPR, loan)
Richie Towell (Rotherham United, loan)
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Burnley signings:
Burnley departures:
Tom Anderson (Doncaster Rovers)
Scott Arfield (Rangers)
Josh Ginnelly (released)
Chris Long (Fleetwood Town)
Dean Marney (released)
Jimmy Dunne (Hearts, loan)
Nahki Wells (QPR, loan)
Jonathan Walters (Ipswich Town, loan)
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Cardiff City signings:
Josh Murphy (Norwich)
Greg Cunningham (Preston North End)
Alex Smithies (QPR)
Bobby Reid (Bristol City)
Victor Camarasa (Real Betis, loan)
Harry Arter (Bournemouth, loan)
Cardiff City departures:
Matty Kennedy (St Johnstone)
Greg Halford (released)
Ben Wilson (released)
Lee Camp (Birmingham City)
Rhys Healey (MK Dons, loan)
Stuart O’Keefe (Plymouth Argyle, loan)
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Chelsea signings:
Chelsea departures:
Matej Delac (AC Horsens)
Trevor Chalobah (Ipswich, loan)
Reece James (Wigan, loan)
Dujon Sterling (Coventry, loan)
Nathan Baxter (Yeovil, loan)
Lewis Baker (Leeds, loan)
Jake Clarke-Salter (Vitesse, loan)
Danilo Pantic (Partizan, loan)
Jonathan Panzo (Monaco)
Eduardo (Vitesse, loan)
Kenedy (Newcastle, loan)
Jhoao Rodriguez (Tenerife, loan)
Jamal Blackman (Leeds, loan)
Todd Kane (Hull, loan)
Mason Mount (Derby, loan)
Jamal Blackman (Leeds, loan)
Jeremie Boga (Sassuolo )
Fikayo Tomori (Derby, loan)
Thibaut Courtois (Real Madrid)
Jay Dasilva (Bristol City, loan)
Michy Batshuayi (Valencia, loan)
Kurt Zouma (Everton, loan)
Tiemoue Bakayoko (AC Milan, loan)
Ola Aina (Torino, loan)
Kenneth Omeruo (Leganes, loan)
Tomas Kalas (Bristol City, loan)
Ike Ugbo (Scunthorpe United, loan)
Izzy Brown (Leeds United, loan)
Brad Collins (Burton Albion, loan)
Michael Hector (Sheffield Wednesday, loan)
Tammy Abraham (Aston Villa, loan)
Charly Musonda (Vitesse, loan)
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Crystal Palace signings:
Crystal Palace departures:
Damien Delaney (Cork City)
Yohan Cabaye (Al-Nasr)
Chung-young Lee (released)
Diego Cavalieri (released)
Bakary Sako (released)
Ryan Inniss (Dundee, loan)
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Everton signings:
Everton departures:
Callum Dyson (Plymouth)
Conor Grant (Plymouth)
Jose Baxter (Oldham)
Wayne Rooney (D.C. United)
Ramiro Funes Mori (Villarreal)
Luke Garbutt (Oxford United, loan)
Henry Onyekuru (Galatasaray, loan)
Joel Robles (Real Betis)
Shani Tarashaj (Grasshoppers, loan)
David Henen (released)
Davy Klaassen (Werder Bremen)
Ashley Williams (Stoke City, loan )
Antonee Robinson (Wigan Athletic, loan)
Callum Connolly (Wigan Athletic, loan)
Nikola Vlasic (CSKA Moscow, loan)
Cuco Martina (Stoke City, loan)
Joe Williams (Bolton Wanderers, loan)
Mo Besic (Middlesbrough, loan)
Yannick Bolasie (Aston Villa, loan)
Sandro Ramirez (Real Sociedad, loan)
Matthew Pennington (Ipswich Town, loan)
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Fulham signings:
Fulham departures:
Stephen Humphrys (Scunthorpe, loan)
Elijah Adebayo (Swindon, loan)
David Button (Brighton)
George Williams (Forest Green)
Ryan Fredericks (West Ham)
Tayo Edun (Ipswich, loan)
Magnus Norman (Rochdale, loan)
Cauley Woodrow (Barnsley, loan)
Rui Fonte (Lille, loan)
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Huddersfield Town signings:
Huddersfield Town departures:
Tom Ince (Stoke)
Jack Boyle (released)
Denilson Carvalho (released)
Dylan Cogill (released)
Luca Colville (released)
Robert Green (released)
Cameron Taylor (released)
Dean Whitehead (retired)
Jack Payne (Bradford City, loan)
Tareiq Holmes-Dennis (Bristol Rovers)
Sean Scannell (Bradford City)
Joel Coleman (Shrewsbury Town, loan)
Scott Malone (Derby County)
Jordan Williams (Barnsley)
Michael Hefele (Nottingham Forest)
Lewis O’Brien (Bradford City, loan)
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Leicester City signings:
Leicester City departures:
Robert Huth (released)
Elliott Moore (OH Leuven, loan)
Connor Wood (Bradford)
Riyad Mahrez (Man City)
Harvey Barnes (West Brom, loan)
Ben Hamer (Huddersfield)
Ahmed Musa (Al-Nassr)
George Thomas (Scunthorpe, loan)
Leonardo Ulloa (Pachuca)
Islam Slimani (Fenerbahce, loan)
Filip Benkovic (Celtic, loan)
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Liverpool signings:
Liverpool departures:
Yan Dhanda (Swansea City)
Ovie Ejaria (Rangers – loan)
Emre Can (Juventus)
Jon Flanagan (Rangers)
Danny Ward (Leicester)
Jordan Williams (Rochdale)
Harry Wilson (Derby, loan)
Ryan Kent (Rangers, loan)
Adam Bogdan (Hibernian, loan)
Allan Rodrigues de Souza (Frankfurt, loan)
Ben Woodburn (Sheffield United, loan)
Danny Ings (Southampton, loan)
Ragnar Klavan (Cagliari)
Marko Grujic (Hertha Berlin, loan)
Connor Randall (Rochdale, loan)
Loris Karius (Besiktas, loan)
Sheyi Ojo (Stade Reims, loan)
Corey Whelan (Crewe Alexandra, loan)
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Manchester City signings:
Manchester City departures:
Pablo Maffeo (Stuttgart)
Yaya Toure (released)
Will Patching (Notts County – end of contract)
Angelino (PSV)
Ashley Smith-Brown (Plymouth)
Isaac Buckley-Ricketts (Peterborough)
Angus Gunn (Southampton)
Olarenwaju (Shakhtar Donetsk)
Erik Palmer-Brown (NAC Breda, loan)
Pablo Mari (Deportivo de La Coruna, loan)
Max Diskerud (Ulsan Hyundai, loan)
Anthony Caceres (Melbourne City, loan)
Tosin Adarabioyo (West Brom, loan)
Joe Hart (Burnley)
Thomas Agyepong (Hibernian, loan)
Lukas Nmecha (Preston North End, loan)
Patrick Roberts (Girona, loan)
Daniel Arzani (Celtic, loan)
Jason Denayer (Lyon)
Douglas Luiz (Girona, loan)
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Manchester United signings:
Manchester United departures:
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Newcastle United signings:
Newcastle United departures:
Curtis Good (released)
Massadio Haidara (released)
Mikel Merino (Real Sociedad)
Chancel Mbemba (Porto)
Stuart Findlay (Kilmarnock)
Massadio Haidara (RC Lens)
Jack Colback (Nottingham Forest, loan)
Jesus Gamez (released)
Aleksandar Mitrovic (Fulham)
Dwight Gayle (West Brom, loan)
Adam Armstrong (Blackburn Rovers)
Henri Saivet (Bursaspor, loan)
Daniel Barlaser (Accrington Stanley, loan)
Luke Charman (Accrington Stanley, loan)
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Southampton signings:
Southampton departures:
Olufela Olomola (Scunthorpe United)
Jeremy Pied (released)
Will Wood (released)
Richard Bakary (released)
Dusan Tadic (Ajax)
Guido Carrillo (Leganes, loan)
Ryan Seager (Telstar, loan)
Sofiane Boufal (Celta Vigo, loan )
Stuart Taylor (released)
Florin Gardos (CS Universitatea Craiova)
Jordy Clasie (Feyenoord, loan)
Josh Sims (Reading, loan)
Harrison Reed (Blackburn Rovers, loan)
Sam McQueen (Middlesbrough, loan)
Jake Flannigan (Burton Albion, loan)
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Tottenham signings:
Tottenham departures:
Keanan Bennetts (Borussia Monchengladbach)
Anton Walkes (Portsmouth)
Cameron Carter-Vickers (Swansea City, loan)
Marcus Edwards (Excelsior, loan)
Josh Onomah (Sheffield Wednesday, loan)
Connor Ogilvie (Gillingham, loan)
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Watford signings:
Gerard Deulofeu (Barcelona)
Marc Navarro (Espanyol)
Ben Wilmot (Stevenage)
Adam Masina (Bologna)
Ken Sema (Ostersunds)
Ben Foster (West Brom)
Domingos Quina (West Ham)
Watford departures:
Richarlison (Everton)
Brandon Mason (released)
Costel Pantilimon (Nott’m Forest)
Mauro Zarate (Boca Juniors)
Nordin Amrabat (Al-Nassr)
Dodi Lukebakio (Dusseldorf, loan)
Tommie Hoban (Aberdeen, loan)
Harvey Bradbury (Oxford United)
Daniel Bachmann (Kilmarnock, loan)
Alex Jakubiak (Bristol Rovers, loan)
Obbi Oulare (Standard Liege, loan)
Dimitri Foulquier (Getafe, loan)
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West Ham signings:
West Ham departures:
James Collins (released)
Patrice Evra (released)
Ben Wells (QPR)
Reece Burke (Hull City)
Cheikhou Kouyate (Crystal Palace)
Jordan Hugill (Middlesbrough, loan)
Sam Byram (Nottingham Forest, loan)
Josh Cullen (Charlton Athletic, loan)
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Wolves signings:
Wolves departures:
Jordan Allan (released)
Dan Armstrong (released)
Anthony Breslin (released)
Nicu Carnat (released)
Ross Finnie (released)
Jon Flatt (released)
Christian Herc (Dunajska Streda, loan)
Conor Levingston (released)
Tomas Nogueira (released)
Hakeem Odoffin (released)
Adam Osbourne (released)
Ryan Rainey (released)
Jose Xavier (released)
Harry Burgoyne (Plymouth Argyle, loan)
Ben Marshall (Norwich City)
Jon Flatt (Scunthorpe United)
Aaron Collins (Colchester United, loan)
Roderick Miranda (Olympiacos, loan)
Duckens Nazon(Sint-Trudense)
Rada Mir (Palmas, loan)
Benik Afobe (Stoke City, loan)
Prince Oniangue (SM Caen)
Leo Bonatini (Al-Jilal)
Barry Douglas (Leeds United)
Jordan Graham (Ipswich Town, loan)
Connor Johnson (Walsall, loan)
Connor Ronan (Walsall, loan)
Danny Batth (Middlesbrough, loan)
Joe Mason (Portsmouth, loan)
Dan McKenna (Telford United, loan)
Michal Zyro (Pogon Szczecin, loan)
Phil Ofosu-Ayeh (Hansa Rostock, loan)
Paul Gladon (Sint-Truidense, loan)
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The post Soccer – Completed Premier League 2018-19 transfers – arrivals, departures & contracts expiring for all 20 clubs appeared first on World Sport News.
source: World Sport News - Soccer – Completed Premier League 2018-19 transfers – arrivals, departures & contracts expiring for all 20 clubs