Population[edit | edit source]What is a population from genetic point-of-view? It is a group of interbreeding individuals of the same species that inhabit the same space (prescribed geographical area) and time. The key to a population is that they must be able to interbreed. Show
Within any given population there is variation (differencies) of/in:
The gene pool is the sum total of all of the alleles (of one locus) present and carried by the population.
For a gene with 2 alleles, A and a:
Estimating/calculating of allele frequencies in a population
Genotype frequencies[edit | edit source]If frequency of allele A in a population is p, frequency of allele a in a population is q:
Hardy-Weinberg Equation[edit | edit source]A population that is not changing genetically is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (1908). It comes if these 5 assumptions are correct:
If these assumptions are true, it follows that:
(relation between frequencies of alleles and frequencies of genotypes) Multiple alleles[edit | edit source]Multinomial expansion for two alleles a and b with frequencies p and q p2 + 2pq + q2 is a binomial expansion of (p + q)2 p2(AA) + 2pq(Aa) + q2(aa) = (p + q)2 = (1)2 = 1For three alleles a, b and c with frequencies p, q and r, the multinomial expansion is (p + q + r)2 which expands into: p2+ q2 + r2 + 2pq + 2pr +2qr , where the first 3 terms being homozygotes and the remaining three heterozygotes. p + q + r = 1 p2+ q2 + r2 + 2pq + 2pr +2qr = 1What are all of the alleles contained within a group of interbreeding individuals known as?Populations are made up of members of the same species that interbreed. Population geneticists study the variation that naturally occurs among the genes within a population. The collection of all the genes and the various alternate or allelic forms of those genes within a population is called its gene pool.
What is another name for the evolutionary force called gene flow?Gene flow is also called gene migration. Gene flow is the transfer of genetic material from one population to another. Gene flow can take place between two populations of the same species through migration, and is mediated by reproduction and vertical gene transfer from parent to offspring.
When individuals of the same species are reproductively isolated?Speciation involves reproductive isolation of groups within the original population and accumulation of genetic differences between the two groups.
Does a gene pool include the genes of individuals that Cannot reproduce?Answer and Explanation: A gene pool can have individuals that cannot reproduce. A gene pool is a collection of organisms from a single population.
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