_____ knowledge is noncodifiable and its acquisition and transfer requires hands-on practice.

44 Pages Posted: 5 Sep 2012 Last revised: 18 Jan 2013

Date Written: March 30, 2009

Abstract

This paper synthesizes the literatures from the organizational learning and knowledge management fields. Two distinct epistemological traditions are identified and the literature under each tradition is synthesized separately. Epistemology of possession considers knowledge as an object that can be codified, stored, retrieved and applied to achieve organizational outcomes. The practice-based-perspective of knowledge assumes knowledge as an integral part of doing and as something that cannot be distinct from the process of learning. The major contribution of this paper is to present an integrated model of organizational learning synthesizing the frameworks of Kolb, Crossan et al. and Nonaka.

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ch06: Investing Abroad Directly

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1. The United Nations defines FDI as an equity stake of 10% or more in a foreign-based enterprise. A lower percentage

invested in a foreign firm is considered FPI.?

2. In the context of international investment, foreign portfolio investment (FPI) is an indirect investment.

3. Foreign direct investment (FDI) stock is the total accumulation of inbound FDI in a country or outbound FDI from a

country.

4. A multinational enterprise (MNE), by definition, is a firm that engages in foreign direct investment when doing

business abroad.

5. A non-multinational enterprise (non-MNE) firm can do business abroad by exporting.

6. OLI advantages refer to the advantages of ownership (O), location (L), and internalization (I) that come from engaging

in foreign direct investment.

7. Location advantage refers to possession and leveraging by a multinational enterprise (MNE) of certain valuable, rare,

hard-to-imitate, and organizationally embedded (VRIO) assets overseas.

8. A paper company is opening a new branch. In addition to providing the new branch manager and employees with

handbooks detailing their jobs, the firm places experienced personal at the new branch for 6 months to teach hands-on

skills and share their know-how. In this scenario, the handbooks transfer explicit knowledge, while the experienced

personnel insure the acquisition of tacit knowledge.

c.protects the firm from economic agglomerationd.provides the firm with direct ownership to its foreign assets50._____ knowledge can be written down and transferred without losing much of its richness.

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51._____ knowledge is noncodifiable and its acquisition and transfer requires hands-onpractice.

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52._____ refers to the clustering of economic activities in certain locations.

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53.Knowledge spillover refers to _____.a.the risk associated with unauthorized diffusion of firm-specific know-howb.a violation of the knowledge and IP rights secured by a copyrightc.knowledge diffused from one firm to others among closely located firmsd.the imperfect rules governing international transactions

54.A(n) _____ refers to an industry dominated by a small number of players.

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55.The television industry in the United States is controlled by seven giant corporations: TheWalt Disney Company, CBS Corporation, Viacom, Comcast, Hearst Corporation, Time Warner,and News Corporation. Thus, the television industry in the U.S. is a typical _____ industry.