28)________ encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other products of aparticular group of people that are passed on from generation to generation.28)A)PhenotypeB)CultureC)GenotypeD)Ethnocentricity
29)Dr. Wilman is researching the place women occupy in families in Japan and the U.S.Dr. Wilman is conducting a(n) ________ study.29)
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30)Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to:30)
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31)________ is a national government's course of action designed to promote the welfareof its citizens.31)
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32)Going by current trends, compared to the past 86-year-old Matilda is more likely to beliving:32)A)with children.B)with grandchildren.C)with a spouse.D)by herself.
33)Compared with earlier decades, U.S. adults today are:33)
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34)Two concepts that help provide a framework for describing and understanding anindividual's development are:34)
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See more35)Changes in motor skills, nutrition, exercise, the hormonal changes of puberty, andcardiovascular decline are all examples of ________ processes that affect development.35)
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36)________ processes refer to changes in the individual's thought, intelligence, andlanguage.36)A)SocioemotionalB)CulturalC)CognitiveD)Biological
37)________ processes involve changes in the individual's relationships with other people,changes in emotions, and changes in personality.37)
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38)The connection across biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes is mostobvious in the two rapidly emerging fields of:38)
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Culture encompasses the behavior patterns, beliefs, and all other productsof a particular group of people that are passed on from generation togeneration.Cross-cultural studies compare aspects of two or more culturesEthnicity is rooted in cultural heritage, nationality, race, religion, andlanguage.Socioeconomic status refers to a persons position within society based onoccupational, educational, and economic characteristicsGender refers to the characteristics of people as males and femalesoSocial policySocial policy is a governments course of action designed to promote thewelfare of its citizensValues, economics, and politics all shape a nation’s social policy2)The Nature of Development
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See moreBiological, Cognitive, and Socioemotional ProcessesoBiological processes produce changes in an individual’s physical natureExamplesGenes inherited from parentsHeight and weight gainsNutrition/ExerciseHormonal changes of pubertyoCognitive Processes refers to changes in the individuals thought, intelligence,and language.ExamplesMemorizing a poemImagining what it would be like to be a movie starSolving crossword puzzlesPutting together two-worded sentencesoSocioemotional Processes involve changes in the individual’s relationships withother people, changes in emotions, and changes in personalityExamplesAdolescents joy at promInfants smile in response to parents touchToddler’s aggressive attack on playmateoThese three processes are inextricably intertwinedPeriods of developmentoPrenatal- Conception to birthoInfancy- Birth to 18/24 monthsoToddler- 1 ½ years to 3 yearsoEarly childhood- 3 to 5 yearsoMiddle and Late Childhood- 6 to 10/11 yearsoAdolescence- 10 to 18/21 yearsoEarly Adulthood- Early 20’s to late 30’soMiddle Adulthood- 40 to 60 yearsoLate Adulthood- From 60’s/70’s until deathoFour AgesFirst Age- Childhood and AdolescenceSecond Age- Prime Adulthood, ages 20-59Third Age- Approximately 60 to 79 years of ageFourth Age- Approximately 80 years and olderDevelopmental issuesoNature and NurtureoStability and ChangeInvolves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persistthrough life or changeoContinuity and DiscontinuityFocuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual,cumulative change(Continuity) or distinct stages(Discontinuity)oEvaluating the Developmental Issues
3)Theories of DevelopmentScientific method- four step process: 1) conceptualize a process or problem to be studied 2)collect research information 3) analyze the data 4) draw conclusionsPsychoanalytic TheoriesoDescribe development as primarily unconscious (beyond awareness) and heavilycolored by emotionoFreud’s Theory: Psychosexual DevelopmentOral Stage: Infants pleasure centers on mouth; Birth to 1 ½ yearsAnal Stage: Child’s pleasure focuses on the anus; 1 ½ to 3 yearsPhallic Stage: Child’s pleasure focuses on the genitals; 3 to 6 yearsLatency Stage: Child represses sexual interest and develops social andintellectual skills; 6 years to puberty
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Developmental Psychology, Chapter 1, Module 1, Erikson s stages of psychosocial development, Theory of cognitive development, Psychosexual development