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The simplistic definition of the null is as the opposite of the alternative hypothesis, H1, although the principle is a little more complex than that. The null hypothesis (H0) is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify. The 'null' often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon. The simplistic definition of the null is as the opposite of the alternative hypothesis, H1, although the principle is a little more complex than that. The null hypothesis (H0) is a hypothesis which the researcher tries to disprove, reject or nullify. The 'null' often refers to the common view of something, while the alternative hypothesis is what the researcher really thinks is the cause of a phenomenon. An experiment conclusion always refers to the null, rejecting or accepting H0 rather than H1. Despite this, many researchers neglect the null hypothesis when testing hypotheses, which is poor practice and can have adverse effects.  Examples of the Null HypothesisA researcher may postulate a hypothesis: H1: Tomato plants exhibit a higher rate of growth when planted in compost rather than in soil. And a null hypothesis: H0: Tomato plants do not exhibit a higher rate of growth when planted in compost rather than soil. It is important to carefully select the wording of the null, and ensure that it is as specific as possible. For example, the researcher might postulate a null hypothesis: H0: Tomato plants show no difference in growth rates when planted in compost rather than soil. There is a major flaw with this H0. If the plants actually grow more slowly in compost than in soil, an impasse is reached. H1 is not supported, but neither is H0, because there is a difference in growth rates. If the null is rejected, with no alternative, the experiment may be invalid. This is the reason why science uses a battery of deductive and inductive processes to ensure that there are no flaws in the hypotheses. Many scientists neglect the null, assuming that it is merely the opposite of the alternative, but it is good practice to spend a little time creating a sound hypothesis. It is not possible to change any hypothesis retrospectively, including H0. Significance TestsIf significance tests generate 95% or 99% likelihood that the results do not fit the null hypothesis, then it is rejected, in favor of the alternative. Otherwise, the null is accepted. These are the only correct assumptions, and it is incorrect to reject, or accept, H1. Accepting the null hypothesis does not mean that it is true. It is still a hypothesis, and must conform to the principle of falsifiability, in the same way that rejecting the null does not prove the alternative. Perceived Problems With the NullThe major problem with the H0 is that many researchers, and reviewers, see accepting the null as a failure of the experiment. This is very poor science, as accepting or rejecting any hypothesis is a positive result. Even if the null is not refuted, the world of science has learned something new. Strictly speaking, the term ‘failure’, should only apply to errors in the experimental design, or incorrect initial assumptions. Development of the NullThe Flat Earth model was common in ancient times, such as in the civilizations of the Bronze Age or Iron Age. This may be thought of as the null hypothesis, H0, at the time. H0: World is Flat Many of the Ancient Greek philosophers assumed that the sun, moon and other objects in the universe circled around the Earth. Hellenistic astronomy established the spherical shape of the earth around 300 BC. H0: The Geocentric Model: Earth is the centre of the Universe and it is Spherical Copernicus had an alternative hypothesis, H1 that the world actually circled around the sun, thus being the center of the universe. Eventually, people got convinced and accepted it as the null, H0. H0: The Heliocentric Model: Sun is the centre of the universe Later someone proposed an alternative hypothesis that the sun itself also circled around the something within the galaxy, thus creating a new H0. This is how research works - the H0 gets closer to the reality each time, even if it isn't correct, it is better than the last H0. Will the researcher reject the null hypothesis?If there is less than a 5% chance of a result as extreme as the sample result if the null hypothesis were true, then the null hypothesis is rejected. When this happens, the result is said to be statistically significant .
Can you prove a null hypothesis in research?Introductory statistics classes teach us that we can never prove the null hypothesis; all we can do is reject or fail to reject it. However, there are times when it is necessary to try to prove the nonexistence of a difference between groups.
What is it called when you reject the null hypothesis?If we reject the null hypothesis when it is true, then we made a type I error. If the null hypothesis is false and we failed to reject it, we made another error called a Type II error.
Should the null hypothesis be accepted or rejected?Support or reject null hypothesis? If the P-value is less, reject the null hypothesis. If the P-value is more, keep the null hypothesis. 0.003 < 0.05, so we have enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis and accept the claim.
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In hypothesis testing, the researcher may reject the null hypothesis or prove the null hypothesis.
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