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Mood disorders and suicide Terms in this set (101)mood disorders disturbances of mood that are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive depression emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection mania emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria unipolar depressive disorders mood disorder in which a person experiences only depressive episodes, as opposed to bipolar disorder, in which both manic and depressive episodes occur bipolar disorders mood disorders in which a person experiences both manic and depressive episodes depressive episode period of markedly depressed mood or loss of interest in formerly pleasurable activities (or both) for at least 2 weeks, accompanied by other symptoms such as changes in sleep or appetite or feelings of worthlessness hypomanic episode A condition lasting at least 4 days in which a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. At least three out of seven other designated symptoms similar to those in a manic episode must also be present but to a lesser degree than in mania. major depressive disorder moderate to severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes by no hypomanic, manic, or mixed episodes. Single episode if only one; recurrent episode if more than one People diagnosed with mania would be most accurately described as experiencing periods of __________. C What is the defining characteristic of a mixed-episode case of a mood disorder? D The minimum required duration of symptoms for a depressive episode is __________ and the minimum required duration of symptoms for a manic episode is __________. B A person
who suffers from a less-severe form of mania that lasts for a minimum of 4 days might be described as experiencing __________. It is typically less disruptive of a person's life than a full episode of mania. B Which of the following is the most reasonable sociocultural explanation for the increased incidence of major depressive
disorder in people from lower socioeconomic statuses? B Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder 5+ of the following for 2+ weeks has never been a manic episode or hypomanic episode specifiers (in mood disorders) different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes which may help predict the course and preferred treatments for the condition major depressive episode with melancholic features a type of major depressive episode that includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities, plus at least 3 of 6 other designated symptoms Specifier: with melancholic features three of the following: early morning awakening, depression worse in the morning, marked psychomotor agitation or retardation loss of appetite or weight, excessive guilt. qualitatively different depressed mood specifer: with psychotic features delusions or hallucinations (usually mood congruent) feelings of guilt and worthlessness common specifer: with atypical features mood reactivity- brightens to positive events, 2 of the 4 following symptoms: weight gain or increase in appetite, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, being acutely sensitive to interpersonal rejection
specifier: with catatonic features a range of psychomotor symptoms from motoric immobility to extensive psychomotor activity, as well as mutism and rigidity specifier: with seasonal patterns at least two or more episodes in past 2 years that have occurred at the same time (usually spring). no other nonseasonal episodes in the same 2 year period severe major depressive episode with psychotic features major depression involving loss of contact with reality, often in the form of delusions or hallucinations mood congruent delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a persons mood relapse return of the symptoms of a disorder after a fairly short period of time recurrence a new occurrence of a disorder after a remission of symptom major depressive episode with atypical features A type of major depressive episode which includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by marked mood reactivity, as well as at least two out of four other designated symptoms major depressive episode with catatonic features a subset of major depressive disorders that is characterized by severe disturbances in motor function recurrent major depressive episode with a seasonal pattern a form of major depression where the episodes of depression recur on a regular seasonal basis, but not at other times of the year persistent depressive disorder A new DSM-5 disorder that involves long-standing depressed mood (2 years or more). The disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression from DSM-IV. double depression this condition is diagnosed when a person with dysthymia has a superimposed major depressive episode Dysthymia a form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depression Marcela has been feeling depressed and down for most of the day, nearly every day, over the past two months. In addition to this low mood, she reports not being interested in doing anything, including watching soccer, even though her
favorite soccer team made it to the World Cup. She also reports getting little to no sleep, not feeling hungry, having difficulty making decisions, and irrational guilt. Which of the following would preclude Marcela from qualifying for a diagnosis of major depressive disorder? B What is the relationship between the experience of depressive symptoms and significant levels of anxiety? D How might one most aptly distinguish between a relapse and a recurrence of depressive symptoms? A According to research presented in this module, somewhere between __________ and __________ percent of adolescents experience either major depressive disorder or
subclinical levels of depression at some point. C Marcellus has been struggling with the symptoms of a major depressive episode for quite some time. Dr. Ting, his therapist, notes that Marcellus meets the criteria for a major depressive episode and, in addition, seems to have lost interest or pleasure in almost all activities, even recently turning down a chance
to go to a concert of his favorite musician for no discernable reason. The diagnosis of major depressive disorder would probably best include the specifier of "__________." C According to twin studies, monozygotic twins who have a co-twin with major depressive disorder are about __________ as
likely as dizygotic twins to develop depression. A Lavinia has been going through very difficult times lately, with both an increase in life stressors and the emergence of depressive symptoms. If her physician were to take a sample of blood from her, it is likely that she would find elevated levels of which stress hormone? A Why is seasonal affective disorder much more common in the fall and winter months than in spring and summer? C In a single word, what did Sigmund Freud feel was at the root of most people's symptoms of depression? D Which researcher was the first to propose the idea of learned helplessness as being a significant contributing factor to the symptoms of a major depressive episode? A cyclothymic disorder mild mood disorder characterized by cyclical periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms Bipolar I disorder a form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both manic episode and major depressive episodes mixed episode a condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days bipolar II disorder a form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes bipolar disorder with a seasonal pattern bipolar disorder with recurrences in particular seasons of the year __________
disorder is marked by repeated experiences of hypomanic symptoms for a period of at least __________. A Why is a person who demonstrates symptoms of mania without any history of depression still given a diagnosis of bipolar disorder? C Which of the following individuals exhibits symptoms that are consistent with a diagnosis of bipolar II? B In order for a person with bipolar disorder to be described as having a rapid cycling pattern, he or she would have to have at least __________ episodes of manic or depressive cycles in a given year. D Which of the following best describes the likely long-term course of bipolar disorder? A The average concordance rate for bipolar disorder is about __________ percent for monozygotic twins, compared to __________ percent
for dizygotic twins. D Several different neurotransmitters seem to be involved in the regulation of mood states in human beings. They include all but which of the following? C Henry suffers from bipolar
disorder and experiences one or two manic episodes in a given year, more when he is not taking his medication. Between episodes, which of the following symptoms is he most likely to experience? A Lao lives in
China, where he has resided with his family for his entire life. Recently, he has begun experiencing symptoms of depression. Which symptom would he most likely demonstrate, given the cultural influences of his surroundings? C In the 2004 World Mental Health Study conducted
by the World Health Organization, the prevalence and characteristics of psychological disorders were examined in 20 different countries. The 12-month prevalence rate of depression was found to be lowest in __________. C Jarli is a young Australian Aboriginal man who lives in a native community in the Northern Territory of Australia. If Jarli were
clinically depressed, what types of behaviors would he likely exhibit? A Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression Tricylic Antidepressants (TCAs) medications used to treat depression, and sometimes anxiety disorders, that are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at the synapse Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) a medication that inhibits serotonin and is used in the treatment of depression lithium a common salt formed from a soft silver-white metal, it has been found to reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder although it has a number of negative side effects electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Use of electricity to produce convulsions and unconsciousness; a treatment used primarily to alleviate depressive and manic episodes. Also known as electroshock therapy. transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) the use of strong magnets to briefly interrupt normal brain activity as a way to study brain regions deep brain stimulation (DBS) a treatment procedure for depression in which a pacemaker powers electrodes that have been implanted in Brodmann Area 25, thus stimulating that brain area bright light therapy a technique for treating circadian rhythm phase disorders that uses timed exposure to light with the aim of shifting an individual's sleep-wake cycle to a desired, more appropriate or conventional schedule cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) therapy based on altering dysfunctional thoughts and cognitive distortions Mindfullness-based cognitive therapy Variant of cognitive therapy that was developed in recent years to be used with people with highly recurrent depression. Works to change the way in which the people relate to their thoughts, feelings, and bodily sensations. Group treatment that involves training in mindfulness meditation techniques. behavioral activation treatment treatment for depression in which the patient and the therapist work together to help the patient find ways to become more active and engaged with life interpersonal therapy (IPT) a time-limited psychotherapy approach that focuses on the interpersonal context and on building interpersonal skills Which of the following people has the least likelihood of receiving some sort of treatment? B Why might a physician be somewhat unwilling to give a person with major depressive disorder a prescription for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) as the first pharmaceutical approach to addressing their symptoms? A Generally speaking, a person who has just started taking
antidepressants should not expect to experience a significant reduction in depressive symptoms for about __________. C Which of the following describes a benefit offered by transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of mood disorders? B What type of therapy aimed at the treatment of depression involves meditation techniques that emphasize patients' awareness of unwanted thoughts, feelings, and sensations? C suicide act of killing one's self nonsuicidal self-injury direct, deliberate destruction of body tissue in the absence of any intent to die The disorder that is most prevalent among those who die by suicide is __________. A Angelina,
age 12, sits several times a week in a locked bathroom in her home and uses a razor blade to cut the inside of her thighs. The practice is painful to her, but she experiences that pain as a positive sensation rather than a negative one. Angelina's behavior would be classified as __________. A Whereas
suicide is relatively rare among children, the prevalence of such behaviors increases starting at around age __________ and continues to increase into the early- to mid-20s. A Which figure, described in your text as the "godfather of suicide research," has written extensively about what constitutes a suicidal mind? D Recent neuroimaging research indicates that when suicidal people think about suicide, they show greater activation in brain regions associated with __________ compared to people who have no history of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. D The Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has required pharmaceutical companies to place warnings on the packaging for antidepressant medications that state that these drugs might __________. C Since the 1960s, the availability of competent assistance at times of suicidal crisis has been expanded through the establishment of __________. B In classical Greece, a person who was extremely ill could __________. A Which of the following is true about suicide prevention hotlines? C Allen is contemplating suicide, but he does not want to receive treatment. Given what you learned from this module, which of the following factors is Allen most likely to say
keeps him from seeking treatment? C Which of the following mood disorders is the most prevalent in the United States? D n what age group are rates of depression equal among males and females in the United States? D __________ refers to the inability to experience
pleasure. C What do cyclothymic disorder and bipolar II disorder have in common? A Which of the following would be the correct combination of neurotransmitter activities during different stages of bipolar disorder? C Which of the following may explain the lower prevalence rates of mood disorders in Nigeria compared to the United
States? D Which
of the following reasons most accurately describes why SSRIs tend to be prescribed more often than TCAs for depression? D Approximately __________ percent of adolescents and young adults have
engaged in at least one nonsuicidal self-injury behavior, often with the goal of decreasing high levels of distress and eliciting help from others. C Which side-effect is Jason, age 14, more likely to experience than Alex, age 55, after starting antidepressant medication? B In the United States, the first state to pass a Death with Dignity Act in 1994 was __________. This gave physicians legal permission to prescribe a lethal dose of medication for a terminally ill patient to ingest on their own. A CBT and
medications have been found to be similarly effective in the treatment of severe depression. However, __________. B The __________, an area of the brain involved in selective attention, shows __________ in patients with depression. D EEG sleep studies of persons with depression reveal that depressed persons on the average __________ when compared to persons who are not depressed. D Which of the following people is the least likely to transition from suicidal thinking to suicidal behavior? C Which of the following is a possible side effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)? D Sets found in the same folderAbnormal psych chapter 499 terms jess4949 Abnormal Psych chapter 5104 terms jess4949 Abnormal Psych Chapter 689 terms jess4949 Abnormal psych chapter 954 terms jess4949 Other sets by this creatorSOWK 3900 quiz questions50 terms jess4949 Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice6 terms jess4949 Chapter 1: Why Study Research?10 terms jess4949 Psych Chapter 1067 terms jess4949 Other Quizlet setsChapter 110 terms andrewjackson123455 PHAR 1001 E Exam 285 terms julia_lawler5 DMV83 terms jasminesanaa_ Gerontology Chapter 840 terms
Alex_Hofmann7 How can you best distinguish between a manic episode and a hypo manic episode?They differ in how severe these mood changes are:. Mania is a severe episode that may last for a week or more. A person may feel uncontrollably elated and very high in energy. ... . Hypomania is an episode that lasts for a few days. People may feel very good and function well.. What are the signs of mania or hypomania?Mania and hypomania. Abnormally upbeat, jumpy or wired.. Increased activity, energy or agitation.. Exaggerated sense of well-being and self-confidence (euphoria). Decreased need for sleep.. Unusual talkativeness.. Racing thoughts.. Distractibility.. What is a manic or hypomanic experience?Hypomania and mania are periods of over-active and excited behaviour that can have a significant impact on your day-to-day life. Hypomania is a milder version of mania that lasts for a short period (usually a few days) Mania is a more severe form that lasts for a longer period (a week or more)
What is the difference between hypomania and hypermania?In addition, hypomania is distinguished from mania and hypermania by the absence of psychotic symptoms and the high sense of grandiosity and by a lesser degree or impact on functioning.
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How can you best distinguish between a manic episode and a hypomanic episode Quizlet
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