function: influences movement, learning, attention, emotionmalfunctions: schizophrenia, parkinson's Show function: excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memorymalfunctions: migraines and seizures (too much) function: enables muscle action, learning, and memorymalfunctions: alzheimer's function: major inhibitory neurotransmittermalfunctions: seizures, tremors, insomnia function: affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousalmalfunctions: depression function:influence perception of pain or pleasuremalfunctions:oversupply with opiate drugs can suppress the body's natural endorphin supply function: control alertness and arousalmalfunctions: depressed mood The Neuron
 Neural Communication: Neurons communicate via an electrochemical process 1. When the action potential reaches the terminal buttons on the ends of the terminal branches, it causes the synaptic vesicles to release neurotransmitters into the synapse. 2. The neurotransmitters then bind to receptor sites on the receiving neuron (like a key fitting into a lock). Some neurotransmitters are excitatory (create a new action potential) while others are inhibitory. 3. After neurotransmitters have done their job, they may be destroyed by other chemicals released into the synapse. Or, reuptake may occur. Reuptake: Neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron and recycled for future use. Neurotransmitters Acetylcholine (Ach): Muscle movement, learning, and memory. An undersupply is involved in Alzheimer's disease. Dopamine: Involved in learning, attention, and emotion. An Excess dopamine is involved in schizophrenia. Serotonin: Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal. An undersupply is linked to depression. Norepinephrine: Helps control alertness and arousal. An undersupply can lead to depression. An oversupply can lead to manic symptoms. GABA (gamma-aminobutytic acid): Major inhibitory neurotransmitter. An undersupply can lead to tremors, seizures, and insomnia. Glutamate: Major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory. Oversupply can overstimulate the brain leading to migraines (this is why some people avoid MSG in food). Endorphins: natural opiate-like neurotransmitter linked to pain control and pleasure. Drugs and Neurotransmitters Agonists: Drugs that are so similar to a neurotransmitter that they can mimic its effects-or-they may block reuptake of a neurotransmitter. Antagonists: Drugs that inhibit a neurotransmitters release-or-they may occupy the receptor site on the receiving neuron, thus blocking the neurotransmitter form binding. Go to Page 2 Which neurotransmitters influence the perception of pain or pleasure?These neurotransmitters include noradrenaline, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and acetylcholine.
What does an undersupply of acetylcholine do?Acetylcholine and myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia gravis causes the immune system to block or destroy acetylcholine receptors. Then, the muscles do not receive the neurotransmitter and cannot function normally. Specifically, without acetylcholine, muscles cannot contract.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in depression under supply?This hypothesis suggested that a deficiency of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) in certain areas of the brain was responsible for creating depressed mood.
What can an undersupply of glutamate cause?Too Little Glutamate
Glutamate deficiency in the brain is believed to cause such symptoms as: Insomnia. Concentration problems. Mental exhaustion.
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An oversupply of opiate drugs can suppress the bodys natural supply of which neurotransmitter?
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