All of the following statements apply to students with visual impairments except that

American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2017). Pediatric eye evaluations Preferred practice pattern I Vision screening in the primary care and community setting II. Comprehensive ophthalmic examination. Retrieved from http://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420(17)32958-5/pdf

Block, S., & Baldonado, K. (2018). Staying Focused on Children’s Vision: Leveraging Results from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. Association of Maternal and Child Health Programs. Arlington, VA.

Bruce, A., Kelly, B., Chambers, B., Barrett, B. T., Bloj, M., Bradbury, J., & Sheldon, T. A. (2018). The effect of adherence to spectacle wear on early developing literacy: A longitudinal study based in a large multiethnic city, Bradford, UK. BMJ Open, 8(6), 021277. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-021277

Cotter, S. A., Cyert, L. A., Miller, J. M., & Quinn, G. E. for the National Expert Panel to the National Center for Children’s Vision and Eye Health. (2015). Vision screening for children 36 to <72 months: Recommended practices. Optometry and Vision Science, 92(1), 6-16. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4274336/pdf/opx-92-06.pdf

Cotter, S. A., Varma, R., Tarczy-Hornoch, K., McKean-Cowdin, R., Lin, J., Wen, G., Wei, J., Borchert, M., Azen, S. P., Torres, M., Tielsch, J. M., Friedman, D. S., Repka, M. X., Katz, J., Ibironke, J., Giordano, L., & Joint Writing Committee for the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study and the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study Groups (2011). Risk factors associated with childhood strabismus. The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease and Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease studies. Ophthalmology, 118(11), 2251–2261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.06.032  Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3208120/pdf/nihms309568.pdf

Donahue, S. P., Baker, C. N., & AAP Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, AAP Section on Ophthalmology, American Association of Certified Orthoptists, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2016). Procedures for the evaluation of the visual system by pediatricians. Pediatrics, 137(1), e20153597. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2015/12/07/peds.2015-3597.full.pdf

Fleming, R., Schantz, S., Kimel, L. S., Mazyck, D., & Murphy, M. K. (2016). Principles for practice: Vision screening and follow-up. Silver Spring, MD: National Association of School Nurses.

Gaiser, H., Moore, B., Srinivasan, G., Solaka, N., & He, R. (2020). Detection of amblyogenic refractive error using the Spot Vision Screener in children. Optometry and Vision Science, 97(5), 324–331. https://doi.org/10.1097/OPX.0000000000001505

Joint Clinical Practice Guideline Expert Committee of the Canadian Association of Optometrists and the Canadian Ophthalmological Society, Delpero, W. T., Robinson, B. E., Gardiner, J. A., Nasmith, L., Rowan-Legg, A., & Tousignant, B. (2019). Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for the periodic eye examination in children aged 0-5 years in Canada. Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology, 54(6), 751–759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjo.2019.09.003

Kara, C., & Petriçli, İ. S. (2020). Comparison of photoscreening and autorefractive screening for the detection of amblyopia risk factors in children under 3 years of age. Journal of AAPOS, 24(1), 20.e1–20.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaapos.2019.09.020

Nottingham-Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Bergren, M. D., Lyons, S. A., Murphy, M. K., & Bradford, G. (2020). 12 Components of a strong vision health system of care: Part 3 – Standardized approach for rescreening. NASN School Nurse, 35(1), 10-14.

Nottingham-Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Bergren, M. D., Lyons, S. A., Murphy, M. K., & Bradford, G. (2019). 12 Components of a strong vision health system of care: Part 2 – Vision screening tools and procedures and vision health for children with special health care needs. NASN School Nurse, 34(4), 195-201.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Dewey Bergren, M., Lyons, S. A., Murphy, M. K., & Bradford, G. E. (2019).12 components of a strong vison health system of care: Components 1 and 2 – Family education and comprehensive communication/approval process. NASN School Nurse, 34(3), 145-148.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Cotter, S., Moore, B., & Bradford, G. E. (2018). An eye on vision: Seven questions about vision screening and eye health-Part 4. NASN School Nurse, 33(6), 351-354.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Cotter, S., Moore, B., & Bradford, G. E. (2018). An eye on vision: Five questions about vision screening and eye health-Part 3. NASN School Nurse, 33(5), 279-283.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Cotter, S., Moore, B., & Bradford, G. E. (2018). An eye on vision: Five questions about vision screening and eye health-Part 2. NASN School Nurse, 33(4), 210-213.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Bradford, G. S., Cotter, S., & Moore, B. (2018). An eye on vision: Five questions about vision screening and eye health. NASN School Nurse, 33(3), 146-149.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Bradford, G. S., Cotter, S., & Moore, B. (2018). An eye on vision: 20 questions about vision screening and eye health. NASN School Nurse, 33(2), 87-92.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Baldonado, K., Hutchinson, A., & Moore, B. (2015).     Vision and eye health: Moving into the digital age with instrument-based vision screening. NASN School Nurse, 30(3), 154-60.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Marsh-Tootle, W, & Bradford, G. E. (2015). Navigating the path of children’s vision screening: Visual acuity, instruments, & occluders. Retrieved from https://www.schoolhealth.com/media/pdf/NavigatingVisionScreening.pdf

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Ramsey, J. E., & Baldonado, K. (2014). Children’s vision health: How to create a strong vision health system of care. Exchange, 36(3), 36-41.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., Ramsey, J. E., & Baldonado, K. (2014). Children who should bypass vision screening and go directly to eye exam. Exchange, 36(3), 38.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K. (2014). National and international guidelines for standardized eye chart design. Exchange, 36(3), 39.

Nottingham Chaplin, P. K., & Bradford, G. E. (2011). A historical review of distance vision screening eye charts: What to toss, what to keep, and what to replace. NASN School Nurse, 26(4), 221-227.

Prevent Blindness. (2019). Developing a consensus for children’s vision and eye health programs. https://nationalcenter.preventblindness.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2020/06/VSConsensusStatementRev2019.pdf

Prevent Blindness. (2015). Prevent Blindness position statement on school-aged vision screening and eye health programs. Retrieved from https://preventblindness.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/Prevent-Blindness-Statements-on-School-aged-Vision-Screening-Approved-8-2015.pdf

Stein, J. D., Andrews, C., Musch, D. C., Green, C., & Lee, P. P. (2016). Sight-threatening ocular diseases remain underdiagnosed among children of less affluent families. Health Affairs (Project Hope), 35(8), 1359–1366. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1007  Retrieved from https://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/full/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1007?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed&

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2017). Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years (Evidence Synthesis No. 153). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK487841/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK487841.pdf

Ying, G. S., Maguire, M. G., Cyert, L. A., Ciner, E., Quinn, G. E., Kulp, M. T., Orel-Bixler, D., Moore, B., & Vision In Preschoolers (VIP) Study Group (2014). Prevalence of vision disorders by racial and ethnic group among children participating in head start. Ophthalmology, 121(3), 630–636. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4128179/pdf/nihms603561.pdf

What one characteristic do all students with visual impairments share?

One characteristic that is shared by all students with visual impairment is that these students have a limited ability to learn incidentally from their environment. It is through sight that much of what we learn is received and processed.

Which of the following terms is used to refer to students with visual impairments?

A number of terms are used to refer to students with visual impairments; the terms partially sighted, low vision, legally blind, and totally blind are used in the educational context to describe students with visual impairments.

How do students with visual impairments work?

10 Tips for Teaching Blind or Visually Impaired Students.
Always use names. ... .
It's okay to use words that reference sight. ... .
Don't gesture, always verbalize. ... .
Avoid asking if a student can see something. ... .
Correct seating is crucial. ... .
Contrast, contrast, contrast! ... .
Follow the leader. ... .
Be a confident sighted guide..

What is a strategy for teaching students with visual impairments?

Encourage the student to use visual aids/resources that have been prescribed (e.g. glasses, magnifiers, big-print books, etc). Seat the student appropriately in the classroom (e.g. in the middle towards the front). Make sure lighting is suitable. Make efforts to eliminate the risk of glare from the desk and whiteboard.