A recent research review concluded that sleep is vital to the consolidation of

Q: What part of the brain is influential in determining when to sleep?

Neurons in a part of the hypothalamus called the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) connect directly to the many arousal-promoting centers. Rather than stimulating activity in these areas, signals from VLPO neurons inhibit their activity. By shutting down the arousal centers, the VLPO promotes sleep.

Q: Which of the following problems according to researchers are caused by sleep deprivation?

Too little shuteye has been linked to increased risk of car crashes, poor work performance, and problems with mood and relationships. Sleep deprivation taxes the immune system, and is associated with a heightened risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity, and depression.

Q: Which brain part is critical for regulating REM sleep?

The brain stem (especially the pons and medulla) also plays a special role in REM sleep; it sends signals to relax muscles essential for body posture and limb movements, so that we dont act out our dreams.

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Highlights
Abbreviations
Cited by (0)
Cited by (0)
What part of the brain is influential in determining when to sleep?
Which of the following problems according to researchers are caused by sleep deprivation?
Which brain part is critical for regulating REM sleep?
Which of the following are purposes of sleep as speculated by scientists?

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Open access

Highlights

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A review of the relationship between distinct sleep outcomes and spontaneous thoughts.

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The first systematic review of associations between sleep and spontaneous thought.

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Disturbed sleep was related to higher frequencies of disruptive spontaneous thoughts.

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Disturbed sleep appeared unrelated to positive-constructive daydreaming.

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Findings add to the understanding of different kinds of spontaneous cognition.

Abstract

Despite an upsurge of research on spontaneous cognition, little is known about its associations with sleep-related outcomes. This systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, examined the relationship between sleep and spontaneous thoughts, across different definitions and measurements of sleep outcomes and spontaneous cognition, and a diversity of methodologies. Twenty-one articles with survey and/or experimental designs were identified. Self-reported disturbed sleep—comprising poor sleep quality, more insomnia symptoms, more daytime sleepiness and a tendency towards eveningness—and experimentally induced sleep deprivation were associated with a tendency to engage in disruptive mind wandering and daydreaming, but not positive-constructive daydreaming. Findings regarding circadian fluctuation in spontaneous thoughts were mixed and inconclusive. This systematic review bridges the gap between the sleep and spontaneous cognition research by contributing to the understanding of potential psychological and cognitive mechanisms of spontaneous cognition, as well as by elucidating the emotional and cognitive consequences of disturbed sleep.

Keywords

Disturbed sleep

Circadian rhythms

Mind wandering

Daydreaming

Involuntary memories

Abbreviations

Spontaneous thoughts (use interchangeably with Spontaneous Cognition)

Sleep->ST

Sleep related to spontaneous thoughts (no causality)

TUITs

Task-unrelated images and thoughts

TUTs

Task-unrelated thoughts

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Under a Creative Commons license

Open access

Highlights

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Sleep and academic performance have a complex relationship.

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Chronotypes influence when we sleep.

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Early social schedules have a negative impact of academic performance.

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This may especially affect young males, since they have the latest chronotype.

Evidence has shown that sleep plays a key role in cognitive functioning, and here the specific importance for memory consolidation in the context of academic performance is discussed. As school years are also a turning point into defining one’s chronotype and general sleep habits, it is vital that schools and universities offer a flexible structure for students to be able to develop healthy sleep practices allowing for the very much needed space for memory consolidation.

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What part of the brain is influential in determining when to sleep?

Neurons in a part of the hypothalamus called the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) connect directly to the many arousal-promoting centers. Rather than stimulating activity in these areas, signals from VLPO neurons inhibit their activity. By shutting down the arousal centers, the VLPO promotes sleep.

Which of the following problems according to researchers are caused by sleep deprivation?

Too little shuteye has been linked to increased risk of car crashes, poor work performance, and problems with mood and relationships. Sleep deprivation taxes the immune system, and is associated with a heightened risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, diabetes, obesity, and depression.

Which brain part is critical for regulating REM sleep?

The brain stem (especially the pons and medulla) also plays a special role in REM sleep; it sends signals to relax muscles essential for body posture and limb movements, so that we don't act out our dreams.